{"id":8873,"date":"2025-11-20T06:46:01","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T06:46:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/?p=8873"},"modified":"2025-11-20T09:30:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T09:30:20","slug":"limit-switch-symbol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/limit-switch-symbol\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i logic v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ct\u1edd gi\u1ea5y\u201d kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng; \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Khi \u201ch\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d n\u00e0y b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m quy \u0111\u1ecbnh an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cc\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u logic \u0111i\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Stuttgart s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Detroit. \u0110\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea9m nang n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IEC 60617 so v\u1edbi NEMA (JIC): H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC (Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\/Ch\u00e2u \u00c1) v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n NEMA (B\u1eafc M\u1ef9). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng phong c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IEC:<\/strong> Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60617 coi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng. C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, r\u01a1le hay c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng d\u1ecdc, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t (ch\u1ea5m, h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, v.v.). Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p hay \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb volt li\u00ean quan l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NEMA: <\/strong>Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u NEMA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f2n v\u00e0 n\u00fat nh\u1ea5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t p\u00edt-t\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u00e3 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e8m theo chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan cho logic thang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u01a1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c v\u1eb7n v\u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y chung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac: NO, NC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1eef<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cM\u1edf th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (NO) v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u00f3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (NC) c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. Ch\u00fang ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cTh\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh: c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u00e1y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cv\u1ecb tr\u00ed Held\u201d \u2013 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u (hay \u201ctr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d). N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean v\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NO (Th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf):<\/strong> \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ngh\u1ec9, c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y qua ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Khi b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IEC-NO.webp\" class=\"wp-image-8870\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:512px;height:384px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IEC-NO.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IEC-NO-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IEC-NO-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IEC-NO-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng IEC (Ngu\u1ed3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: Siemens)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NEMA-NO.webp\" class=\"wp-image-8868\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:512px;height:384px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NEMA-NO.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NEMA-NO-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NEMA-NO-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NEMA-NO-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng NEMA (Ngu\u1ed3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: Siemens)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NC (Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng):<\/strong> \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nhau. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y t\u1ef1 do. Khi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IEC-NC.webp\" class=\"wp-image-8869\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:512px;height:384px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IEC-NC.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IEC-NC-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IEC-NC-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IEC-NC-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng IEC (Ngu\u1ed3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: Siemens)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NEMA-NC.webp\" class=\"wp-image-8867\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:512px;height:384px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NEMA-NC.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NEMA-NC-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NEMA-NC-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NEMA-NC-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng NEMA (Ngu\u1ed3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: Siemens)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00e1y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cB\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m\u201d: \u0110\u1ecdc v\u1ecb s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda an to\u00e0n, v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y. Khi c\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an to\u00e0n), c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf (NO) v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, th\u00ec khi c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201c\u0110\u00f3ng\u201d ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc NC. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc NO \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Held xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda:<\/strong> Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng n\u00eam nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u00ecnh cam n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc) cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang gi\u1eef n\u00f3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean t\u00f4i.\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>M\u1edf c\u1eeda:<\/strong> Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u00e9p m\u1edf do v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201cHeld\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td><td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u logic theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60617<\/td><td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng logic k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u NEMA (B\u1eafc M\u1ef9)<\/td><td>H\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf (NO)<\/td><td>M\u1ed9t khe h\u1edf d\u1ecdc; m\u1ed9t thanh n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch xa c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c.<\/td><td>M\u1ed9t khe h\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh ngang n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i.<\/td><td>M\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft (T\u1eaeT) cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng (NC)<\/td><td>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng; m\u1ed9t thanh n\u1ed1i hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ef1c.<\/td><td>M\u1ed9t thanh ngang n\u1ed1i hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ef1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/td><td>M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng (ON) cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gi\u1eef m\u1edf<\/td><td>Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng NC v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t cam c\u01a1 kh\u00ed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edf.<\/td><td>C\u00e1nh tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng n\u00eam \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ed1ng (\u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edf).<\/td><td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i theo ki\u1ec3u NC, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1edf ra.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/td><td>Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng NO v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t cam \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i.<\/td><td>C\u00e1nh tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00eam \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean (\u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i).<\/td><td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 NO, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y s\u1ebd \u00e9p n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng an to\u00e0n so v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cM\u1edf t\u00edch c\u1ef1c\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, an to\u00e0n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cM\u1edf t\u00edch c\u1ef1c\u201d (hay \u201cH\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2 xo. M\u1ed9t l\u00f2 xo b\u00ean trong v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u00e9p c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u khi p\u00edt-t\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00f2 xo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t, m\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c k\u1eb9t. T\u1ec7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u00e0n d\u00ednh v\u00e0o nhau. N\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t t\u0103ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh ngay khi c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u00e0n d\u00ednh. Trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2 xo, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00f2 xo. M\u00e1y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t. L\u00f2 xo \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00f4 \u00edch. B\u0103ng t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. M\u00e1y \u00e9p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c: H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda n\u00e0y, Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c K c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60947-5-1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u201cM\u1edf d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (Positive Opening). C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean b\u00ean trong, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m NC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong. P\u00edt-t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i n\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 xo. Khi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nhau, ch\u00ednh l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay t\u1eeb m\u00e1y khi va v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i d\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edf ra, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: <\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n logic l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (PLC) r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1nh tay robot \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng an to\u00e0n (M\u1edf ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i):<\/strong> B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a an to\u00e0n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eebng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch an to\u00e0n n\u00f3i chung, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Safety-symbol-225x300.webp\" class=\"wp-image-8880\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:384px;height:512px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Safety-symbol-225x300.webp 225w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Safety-symbol-9x12.webp 9w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Safety-symbol.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u0169i t\u00ean trong v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm. Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p: T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u1ea1ch logic v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf 1NO+1NC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c (SPDT) r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chung v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1eefa m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t sang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hai m\u1ea1ch, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh theo d\u1ea1ng 1NO + 1NC (M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf + M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hai m\u1ea1ch cho th\u1ea5y hai m\u1ea1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch ly v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng logic, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DPST-1.webp\" class=\"wp-image-8879\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:512px;height:384px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DPST-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DPST-1-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DPST-1-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DPST-1-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Logic: Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n hai m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n trong khi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3? B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng logic b\u1ed5 sung theo c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh 1NO + 1NC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The NC Contact (The Guard):<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c r\u01a1-le an to\u00e0n. Khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc, ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt l\u00fd, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The NO Contact (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin):<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a PLC. Khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u 24V \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung:, <em>\u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed X.\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu PLC ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m NO \u0111\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m NC kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf (s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1ec1 logic), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 (\u0111\u1ee9t d\u00e2y, ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch) v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i hai k\u00eanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u00ean trong: T\u1ea1i sao l\u00f2 xo k\u00e9p l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng hai c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e9t. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n (Galvanic Isolation). Hai m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m NC ng\u1eaft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t r\u01a1le \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 110V AC, trong khi ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m NO truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u 24V DC \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ki\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Thay v\u00ec l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t hai c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc (m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u), ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u1edbn, hai m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u01a1n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. <strong>OMCH<\/strong>, v\u1edbi 38 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi 20 n\u0103m trong ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh OEM\/ODM ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u2014 t\u1eeb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi logic tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<strong>H\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi OMCH ngay h\u00f4m nay qua \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email https:\/\/www.omch.com\/<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c logic v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a SPDT, DPDT v\u00e0 Snap Action<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh so v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1; n\u00f3 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng logic \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1ea1i \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 0 ho\u1eb7c 1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm:<\/strong> Trong c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi m\u00e1y \u1ea5n p\u00edt-t\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch ra t\u1eeb t\u1eeb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho thanh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5m nhanh:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9c th\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc t\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong l\u00f2 xo b\u00ean trong. Khi p\u00edt-t\u00f4ng (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1nh tay \u0111\u00f2n) \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd nh\u1ea3y sang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n p\u00edt-t\u00f4ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/td><td>C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm<\/td><td>C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9c th\u00ec<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/td><td>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng.<br>Thanh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/td><td>H\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c \/ H\u00ecnh n\u00eam.<br>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi<\/td><td>\u201cG\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d<br>C\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/td><td>\u201cKho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc\u201d<br>Khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng, danh b\u1ea1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tr\u1ec5<\/td><td>Th\u1ea5p \/ Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<br>\u0110i\u1ec3m ng\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau.<\/td><td>Cao.<br>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/td><td>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u201cti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n\u201d do rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y g\u00e2y ra; \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cSnap Action\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh n\u00eam ngay tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ec5 t\u1eeb (hysteresis) \u2013 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng rung l\u1eafc (chattering), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc b\u1ecb b\u1eadt t\u1eaft li\u00ean t\u1ee5c khi m\u00e1y rung l\u1eafc quanh \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eaft. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i milim\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh SPDT so v\u1edbi DPDT<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SPDT<\/strong><strong> (M\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c, hai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, hai \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i chung chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e1nh. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/SPDT-1.webp\" class=\"wp-image-8878\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:512px;height:384px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/SPDT-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/SPDT-1-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/SPDT-1-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/SPDT-1-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DPDT (Hai c\u1ef1c, hai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed):<\/strong> Hai \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, b\u1ed1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DPDT-1.webp\" class=\"wp-image-8877\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:512px;height:384px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DPDT-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DPDT-1-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DPDT-1-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DPDT-1-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng DPDT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng hai bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng SPDT ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e9t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y? N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c k\u00eanh an to\u00e0n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng (K\u00eanh A v\u00e0 K\u00eanh B), v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac an to\u00e0n lo\u1ea1i Cat 3 ho\u1eb7c Cat 4. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u2014 khi c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, M\u00e1y A kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng (ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m NO \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 M\u00e1y B d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i (ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m NC m\u1edf ra), m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c con l\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 P&amp;ID so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 P&amp;ID (S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng). Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 P&amp;ID. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n (bong b\u00f3ng) g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi van ho\u1eb7c xi lanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ZSO \/ LSO:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1edf \/ C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1edf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ZSC \/ LSC:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3ng \/ C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LSH (M\u1ee9c <\/strong><strong>C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc<\/strong><strong> Cao) \/ LSL (C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p):<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong logic b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u1ea3y sinh khi K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Quy tr\u00ecnh ghi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u LSH tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 P&amp;ID \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng logic (B\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee9c cao) \u2013 nh\u01b0ng K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cm\u1ee9c cao\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i theo ki\u1ec3u M\u1edf b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0111\u00f3ng khi m\u1ee9c cao) hay \u0110\u00f3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (m\u1edf khi m\u1ee9c cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 P&amp;ID m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 <em>c\u00e1i g\u00ec<\/em> (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng). S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 <em>nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em> (c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y). Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 P&amp;ID \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau logic (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda gara treo tr\u1ea7n), sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u IEC\/NEMA ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (NO, NC, Held) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh: C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1i <\/strong><strong>Ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NO (Th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf):<\/strong><code>\u2014| |\u2014<\/code> (Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng l\u1eb7ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NC (Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng):<\/strong><code>\u2014|\/|\u2014<\/code> (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng (Logic m\u00e1y)<\/strong>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc NO, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1edfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, h\u00e3y coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cNC\u201d, nh\u01b0ng khi thay th\u1ebf th\u00ec coi l\u00e0 \u201cNO\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u1edf c\u1eeda:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc NC, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edf nh\u1edd v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1i <\/strong><strong>An to\u00e0n<\/strong><strong> Quan tr\u1ecdng (IEC 60947-5-1)<\/strong>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u00edch c\u1ef1c <\/strong><strong>M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><code>\u2014|\/|\u2014<\/code> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t <code>(\u2192)<\/code> k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00dd ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/strong>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5m nhanh:<\/strong> H\u00e3y t\u00ecm h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c\/h\u00ecnh n\u00eam tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ec5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng. H\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/what-is-a-limit-switch\/\">C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/strong>. Ho\u1eb7c, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/how-to-test-a-limit-switch\/\">C\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ct\u1edd gi\u1ea5y\u201d kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Khi b\u1ea3n th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8881,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Limit Switch Symbol Guide: IEC Standards & Logic States","_seopress_titles_desc":"Understand the limit switch symbol and its significance, including NO and NC configurations. Our guide covers IEC standards and circuit design essentials.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industrial-control"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8873"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8873\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8899,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8873\/revisions\/8899"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8881"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}