{"id":5377,"date":"2025-06-06T08:37:26","date_gmt":"2025-06-06T08:37:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/?p=5377"},"modified":"2025-06-06T09:00:32","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T09:00:32","slug":"smps-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/smps-design\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t: C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf SMPS s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ng\u00e0y nay, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng\u201d \u0111\u1eb1ng sau h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh m\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. Do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS) \u2013 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u2013 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u ra DC \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf SMPS, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i: T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 SMPS?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh hay m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn, m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u01b0 th\u1eeba th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS) \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eaft c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u2014 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch tr\u1eef trong cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n SMPS gi\u00fap n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/strong><\/td>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/td>Th\u1ea5p (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 30-60%)<\/td>Cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 80\u2013951 TP3T+)<\/td><\/tr>
K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eb7ng do c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh<\/td>Nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9<\/td><\/tr>
T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao, c\u1ea7n t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn<\/td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/td><\/tr>
D\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/td>S\u1ee5t \u00e1p nh\u1ecf, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>D\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau<\/td><\/tr>
Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5u g\u1ee3n t\u1ed1t<\/td>C\u00e1c v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td><\/tr>
Chi ph\u00ed<\/td>D\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p<\/td>Chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS) hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ea1i OMCH, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf SMPS \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eeba th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS) hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS) n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eaft nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c xung. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c xung n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng xung (PWM) ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc b\u1eadt\/t\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng van ti\u1ebft l\u01b0u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1: xung r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f2n xung h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n cung c\u1ea5p \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS) v\u00ec ch\u00fang gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9ng, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch sao cho di\u1ec5n ra khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t do chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch. Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00edt sinh nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai con l\u1eafc dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ma s\u00e1t \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ec1m gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch l\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m kHz, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng, qu\u00e1 \u00e1p v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t. M\u1ea1ch SMPS d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tham chi\u1ebfu \u2014 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch buck v\u00e0 boost v\u1eabn gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ngu\u1ed3n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i buck c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t cao trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. Cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i boost c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u0103ng \u00e1p, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m khi b\u1eadt ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i-\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch PFC ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o sao cho tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 61000-3-2. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u01a1i c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng LLC \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng (ZVS), gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean 100 kHz, mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 95%. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, LLC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i watt v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra cao nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EMC v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u1eafm v\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn linh ki\u1ec7n cho b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec ch\u00fang quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t sai s\u00f3t nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean; \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c MOSFET silicon v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb GaN v\u00e0 SiC \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nhanh h\u01a1n, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n, t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t \u00edt h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hy sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS). \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh ra. N\u1ebfu l\u00f5i t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f5i ferit v\u00e0 d\u00e2y Litz \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng da. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1ecdc, t\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao hay kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ESR, d\u00f2ng g\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n. Khi kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ESR th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IC \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf IC hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t cao, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS) \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI), t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhanh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1ng qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EMI th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nhanh, nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch l\u00e2n c\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EMC. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI), c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed PCB th\u00f4ng minh, thu h\u1eb9p v\u00f2ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u1eafp th\u00eam cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chung. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5u ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t 90%, nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Khi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u00f9 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS) kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb Bode v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 pha \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1ea3. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i t\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS). Do c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u201ctr\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1\u201d n\u00e0y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf di\u1ec5n ra nhanh h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu th\u1eed t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 LTspice, PSPICE v\u00e0 PowerEsim c\u1ee7a Infineon \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1ea1ch. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ch SMPS, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n, v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00fd sinh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch. M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n