Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n: Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y 24 V c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/title>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"bd-post\">\n<style>\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Manrope:wght@400;600;700&family=Roboto:wght@600;700&display=swap');\n\n.bd-post {\n --prose-width: 720px;\n --gap-attach: 16px;\n --gap-normal: 32px;\n --gap-section: 48px;\n --pad-compact: 16px;\n --pad-standard: 24px;\n --body-bg: #FFFFFF;\n --text-primary: #333333;\n --text-secondary: #6E6E6E;\n --heading-ink: #000000;\n --accent: #479DE2;\n --accent-text: #2A76B4;\n --accent-hot: #FD9649;\n --navy: #0D3972;\n --inverse-bg: #1E1E1E;\n --inverse-text: #FFFFFF;\n --inverse-text-secondary: #B0B0B0;\n --card-fill: #F4F8FC;\n --card-border: #E0E0E0;\n --divider: #C0C0C0;\n --divider-inv: #6E6E6E;\n --panel-fill: #FAFAFA;\n --btn-white: #FFFFFF;\n --btn-ink: #1E1E1E;\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-size: 16px;\n font-weight: 400;\n line-height: 1.6;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n background: var(--body-bg);\n padding: 40px;\n max-width: 100%;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n.bd-post a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; word-break: break-word; }\n.bd-post p, .bd-post li { overflow-wrap: break-word; }\n.bd-post .bd-post-article { max-width: var(--prose-width); margin: 0 auto; }\n.bd-post [class*=\"bp-\"] { box-sizing: border-box; }\n.bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-1-tier,\n.bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-cta-end { margin: var(--gap-section) 0; }\n.bd-post .bd-post-article > .rich-callout,\n.bd-post .bd-post-article > .rich-card,\n.bd-post .bd-post-article > .table-block { margin: var(--gap-normal) 0; }\n.bd-post .bd-post-article > .rich-callout-f { margin: var(--gap-attach) 0 var(--gap-normal); }\n\n.bd-post p { margin: 0 0 1em; }\n.bd-post h1 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 36px; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 0 0 16px; }\n.bd-post h2 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 34px; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 48px 0 16px; }\n.bd-post h3 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.25; font-size: 24px; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 32px 0 12px; }\n.bd-post ul, .bd-post ol { margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 1.5em; }\n.bd-post li { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }\n.bd-post strong { font-weight: 700; }\n.bd-post em { font-style: italic; }\n.bd-post p a, .bd-post li a, .bd-post blockquote a, .bd-post td a {\n color: var(--accent-text);\n font-weight: 500;\n text-decoration: underline;\n text-decoration-color: var(--accent-text);\n}\n.bd-post p.bd-closer {\n border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);\n padding-left: 16px;\n margin: 24px 0;\n font-style: italic;\n}\n\n\/* --- BP-1: three-tier yardstick (dark signature, solid #1; upgrades the \u7ad92 ComparisonTable) --- *\/\n.bd-post .bp-1-tier {\n background: var(--inverse-bg);\n border-radius: 10px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-hd,\n.bd-post .bp-1-row {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.15fr) minmax(0, 0.95fr) minmax(0, 1.15fr) minmax(0, 1fr);\n column-gap: 20px;\n align-items: start;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-hd {\n padding: 0 0 10px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--divider-inv);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-hc {\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 13px;\n line-height: 1.4;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n letter-spacing: 0.04em;\n color: var(--inverse-text-secondary);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-row {\n padding: 14px 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--divider-inv);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-row > span,\n.bd-post .bp-1-hd > span {\n min-width: 0;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; padding-bottom: 0; }\n.bd-post .bp-1-cls {\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 16px;\n line-height: 1.4;\n color: var(--inverse-text);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-fig {\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 17px;\n line-height: 1.3;\n color: var(--accent-hot);\n white-space: normal;\n overflow-wrap: anywhere;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-why {\n font-size: 14px;\n line-height: 1.5;\n color: var(--inverse-text-secondary);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-for {\n font-size: 14px;\n line-height: 1.5;\n color: var(--inverse-text);\n}\n\n\/* --- End CTA (colors: cta-states) --- *\/\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end {\n background: var(--navy);\n border-radius: 10px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n align-items: flex-start;\n gap: 8px;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end-ttl {\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 22px;\n line-height: 1.25;\n color: var(--inverse-text);\n margin: 0;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 10px;\n}\n.bd-post .bd-cta-ic { display: inline-flex; }\n.bd-post .bd-cta-ic svg { width: 20px; height: 20px; stroke: var(--accent-hot); }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end-sub { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--inverse-text-secondary); margin: 0 0 4px; }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn {\n display: inline-flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 16px;\n line-height: 1;\n text-decoration: none;\n border-radius: 6px;\n padding: 12px 20px;\n background: var(--accent-hot);\n color: var(--btn-ink);\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover { background: var(--btn-white); color: var(--btn-ink); }\n\n\/* --- Rich elements --- *\/\n.bd-post .rich-callout {\n background: var(--card-fill);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: var(--pad-compact);\n display: flex;\n align-items: flex-start;\n gap: 12px;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-callout-w { padding: var(--pad-standard); }\n.bd-post .rich-callout-ic { flex: 0 0 auto; display: inline-flex; }\n.bd-post .rich-callout-ic svg { width: 20px; height: 20px; stroke: var(--accent-text); }\n.bd-post .rich-callout-text { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--text-primary); }\n\n.bd-post .rich-card {\n background: var(--card-fill);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 10px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n}\n.bd-post .rich-checklist { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }\n.bd-post .rich-steps { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; }\n.bd-post .rich-check-item { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 10px; }\n.bd-post .rich-step-item { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 10px; }\n.bd-post .bd-chip {\n flex: 0 0 auto;\n display: inline-flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n width: 24px;\n height: 24px;\n border-radius: 50%;\n background: var(--accent-text);\n color: var(--inverse-text);\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 13px;\n line-height: 1;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-check-txt { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--text-primary); }\n.bd-post .bd-arrow {\n display: inline-flex;\n vertical-align: -0.15em;\n margin: 0 2px;\n}\n.bd-post .bd-arrow svg { width: 16px; height: 16px; stroke: var(--accent-text); }\n.bd-post .rich-step-txt { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--text-primary); }\n\n.bd-post .rich-table-title {\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 16px;\n line-height: 1.4;\n color: var(--heading-ink);\n margin: 0 0 10px;\n}\n.bd-post .table-wrapper {\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 8px;\n overflow-x: auto;\n}\n.bd-post .bd-table {\n width: 100%;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n font-size: 15px;\n line-height: 1.5;\n}\n.bd-post .bd-table th {\n background: var(--panel-fill);\n color: var(--text-primary);\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 15px;\n text-align: left;\n padding: 12px 16px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--divider);\n white-space: nowrap;\n}\n.bd-post .bd-table td {\n color: var(--text-primary);\n padding: 12px 16px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--divider);\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n.bd-post .bd-table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }\n.bd-post .bd-table tr:hover td:first-child { color: var(--accent-text); }\n\n\/* --- Sanctioned motion: hover layer gated by prefers-reduced-motion; reveal opacity-only --- *\/\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {\n @supports (animation-timeline: view()) {\n .bd-post .bd-reveal { animation: bd-fade-in linear both; animation-timeline: view(); animation-range: entry 0% entry 35%; }\n @keyframes bd-fade-in { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } }\n }\n .bd-post h2 { transition: color .2s ease-out, transform .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post h2:hover { color: var(--accent-text); transform: scale(1.02); }\n .bd-post .rich-card { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .rich-card:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); }\n .bd-post .table-block { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .table-block:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article a { transition: color .2s ease-out, text-decoration-color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn { transition: transform .2s ease-out, background-color .2s ease-out, color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n .bd-post { padding: 16px; }\n .bd-post h1 { font-size: 24px; }\n .bd-post h2 { font-size: 26px; margin-top: 32px; }\n .bd-post h3 { font-size: 20px; margin-top: 24px; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-hd { display: none; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-row {\n grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;\n row-gap: 6px;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-why,\n .bd-post .bp-1-for { grid-column: 1 \/ -1; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-fig { font-size: 17px; }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<article class=\"bd-post-article\">\n\n<p>Trong m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1edbt qua: <em>\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i<\/em>. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u201c\u00b11,0 %\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u2264 1 %\u201d, v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef in nh\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n 24 V s\u1ee5t \u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u1edf xa hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb 23,1 V t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t PLC t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111ang g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, hay c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f4i khi, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Power-Supply-Load-Regulation.webp\" style=\"width: 512px; height: 384px; max-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 12px; margin: 30px auto; display: block; box-shadow: 10px 10px 60px 0px rgba(210, 221, 224, 0.35); transition: all 0.3s ease; cursor: pointer;\" onmouseover=\"this.style.transform='translateY(-5px) scale(1.03)'; this.style.boxShadow='15px 25px 80px 0px rgba(210, 221, 224, 0.45)'\" onmouseout=\"this.style.transform='translateY(0) scale(1)'; this.style.boxShadow='10px 10px 60px 0px rgba(210, 221, 224, 0.35)'\"> \n\n\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n do t\u1ea3i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Load_regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a>). Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tham chi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi \u201c\u2264 50 mV\u201d, trong khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh s\u1ebd ghi \u201c0,01 %.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a. B\u00ean trong m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. V\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 <em>th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh: sai s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y. M\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi b\u1ea1n xem ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang xem m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. D\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"rich-callout rich-callout-f\">\n <span class=\"rich-callout-ic\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"2\" width=\"16\" height=\"20\" rx=\"2\"\/><line x1=\"8\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"16\" y2=\"6\"\/><line x1=\"16\" y1=\"14\" x2=\"16\" y2=\"18\"\/><path d=\"M16 10h.01\"\/><path d=\"M12 10h.01\"\/><path d=\"M8 10h.01\"\/><path d=\"M12 14h.01\"\/><path d=\"M8 14h.01\"\/><path d=\"M12 18h.01\"\/><path d=\"M8 18h.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-callout-text\">H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i (%) = (V_no-load \u2212 V_full-load) \u00f7 V_reference \u00d7 100, trong \u0111\u00f3 V_reference l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra danh \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 hai quy \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y cho ra c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n. Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>C\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng: c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng ghi m\u1ee9c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, trong khi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i ghi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb volt ho\u1eb7c millivolt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do dao \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi ph\u1ed1i sai s\u1ed1 (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Load_regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a>). Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em: <em>quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y<\/em> cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sai s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau khi <em>d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/em> s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, khi t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ni.com\/en\/shop\/electronic-test-instrumentation\/power-supplies-and-loads\/what-are-programmable-power-supplies\/line-load-regulation-cascading.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NI<\/a>). Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c bus \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n\n<p>H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi m\u01b0\u1eddi ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t\u201d, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch t\u1edbi ba b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n uy t\u00edn cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef cho \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u201cd\u01b0\u1edbi 5 %\u201d. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng ghi r\u00f5 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (CV) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u2264 0,01 % + 3 mV\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eevblog.com\/forum\/beginners\/help-me-with-power-supply\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n EEVblog<\/a>). M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN nh\u01b0 Mean Well NDR-75 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u00b11,0 %.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 sai. C\u1ea3 ba con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d, m\u1ed7i con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u00e0nh cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bp-1-tier\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-hd\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-hc\">L\u1edbp<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-hc\">S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-hc\">T\u1ea1i sao l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y?<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-hc\">M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-row\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-cls\">B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-fig\">~0,01 % ho\u1eb7c \u201c0,01 % + 3 mV\u201d<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-why\">M\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i cao, t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9, c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-for\">Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-row\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-cls\">B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 24 V g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN \/ c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-fig\">t\u1eeb \u00b10,5 % \u0111\u1ebfn \u00b11,0 %<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-why\">V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi sai s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed.<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-for\">B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, PLC v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bus c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-row\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-cls\">B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i AC-DC d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-fig\">\u201ctrong v\u00f2ng 5 %\u201d ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-why\">D\u00e2y v\u00f2ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n.<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-for\">\u0110\u00e8n, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n DIN-rail 24 V c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u00b11,0 % \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3. Con s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i. V\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft ng\u1ea7m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o n\u00f3: ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ea3i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/AskElectronics\/comments\/1rxas3u\/how_do_you_test_power_supplies_under_load\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">r\/AskElectronics<\/a> l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean 20%.\u201d D\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u201c0\u2013100 t\u1ea3i %\u201d tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u201c10\u2013100 %\u201d, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a 10 % c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a, hai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u1edf tr\u00ean. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp sau. Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y, n\u1eeda t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i n\u00e0y m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m ph\u00fat v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y 24 V kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh: S\u1ee5t \u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t tr\u00ean d\u00e2y d\u1eabn<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch xa m\u1ee9c 24 V t\u1ea1i <em>t\u1ea3i<\/em>. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean \u0111i t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sai.<\/p>\n\n<h3>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n A: s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi khi c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt v\u00e0o<\/h3>\n\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc t\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t van \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y b\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eadt l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p m\u1ea1nh trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i PLC ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng r\u01a1le \u0111ang gi\u1eef. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eaft, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i theo ngh\u0129a k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1ng qua: t\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. V\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch lu\u00f4n \u201cch\u1eadm m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/AskElectronics\/comments\/1rxas3u\/how_do_you_test_power_supplies_under_load\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">r\/AskElectronics<\/a>). Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i t\u0129nh (\u00b11,0 %) trong b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, sau khi v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n dung \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c (bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p, th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i) m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ea7m tay t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh, do \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee5t \u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng 19 V trong v\u00e0i mili gi\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn, h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bus b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 MIN-hold trong khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee5t \u00e1p m\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 che l\u1ea5p (<a href=\"https:\/\/forum.digikey.com\/t\/din-rail-industrial-power-supply-defining-characteristics\/64213\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n DigiKey, H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"rich-callout rich-callout-w\">\n <span class=\"rich-callout-ic\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><path d=\"m21.73 18-8-14a2 2 0 0 0-3.48 0l-8 14A2 2 0 0 0 4 21h16a2 2 0 0 0 1.73-3\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"9\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"13\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"17\" x2=\"12.01\" y2=\"17\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-callout-text\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c: khi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean thanh DIN b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u201chiccup\u201d (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 115\u2013150 % so v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, theo b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n B: m\u1ee9c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u xa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y<\/h3>\n\n<p>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ee9 hai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 24,0 V t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, trong khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 30 feet lu\u00f4n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 23,2 V, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i: th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 volt thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u0111ang b\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i. V\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebft \u00e1p tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb 24 V l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 29 V (<a href=\"https:\/\/forum.digikey.com\/t\/din-rail-industrial-power-supply-defining-characteristics\/64213\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n DigiKey<\/a>). Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee9c cung \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 <em>t\u1ea3i<\/em> nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 24,0 V, b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p I\u00b7R \u1edf gi\u1eefa. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n logic l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (PLC) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng I\/O c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y: m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 24 V DC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb 20,4 \u0111\u1ebfn 28,8 V (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.industry.siemens.com\/cs\/mdm\/109759862\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Siemens S7-1200<\/a>). Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 24,5 ho\u1eb7c 25 V l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. Khi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y, ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai g\u1ea7n t\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1edf ph\u00eda xa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n<h3>T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n?<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"rich-card rich-checklist bd-reveal\">\n <div class=\"rich-check-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">1<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-check-txt\"><span>Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn. <\/span><span class=\"bd-arrow\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p \u0111o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Scope ho\u1eb7c MIN-hold), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-check-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">2<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-check-txt\"><span>Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i \u1edf xa <\/span><span class=\"bd-arrow\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y \u0111o t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p; n\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c trong khi \u0111\u1ea7u kia th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean d\u00e2y d\u1eabn.<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-check-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">3<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-check-txt\"><span>Ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c <\/span><span class=\"bd-arrow\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span> Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u2014 h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd trong b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ea3i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 xem d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-check-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">4<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-check-txt\"><span>S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung \u1ee9ng s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p <\/span><span class=\"bd-arrow\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span> H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i\/gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ecb k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t hay kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh trung th\u1ef1c: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00e2y cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n cung l\u00e0 <em>t\u1ed1t<\/em>, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 24 V t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u00b11,0 % c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m).<\/p>\n\n<h2>Ba th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i\u201d l\u00e0 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh. Ba th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"table-block bd-reveal\">\n <p class=\"rich-table-title\">Ba th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n <table class=\"bd-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr><th>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th><th>N\u1ed9i dung quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/th><th>Ai ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m?<\/th><th>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/th><\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00e9o (ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111a \u0111\u1ea7u ra)<\/td><td>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau<\/td><td>C\u00f3 ai \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 24 V t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/td><td>Khi \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a, li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng?<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tho\u00e1ng qua (s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i)<\/td><td>Trong m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea3i nhanh, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m bao xa v\u00e0 trong bao l\u00e2u<\/td><td>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, b\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t, van ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u in \u2014 t\u1ea3i xung<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1edbn dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho b\u01b0\u1edbc 50\u2013100 % l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/td><td>M\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td><td>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i (ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1edd, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c)<\/td><td>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn % hay ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi t\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh?<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00e9o l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u00edt tr\u1ef1c quan nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111a \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p chung, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra duy nh\u1ea5t: th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh. Khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb9. N\u1ebfu thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ee5 s\u1ebd dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in ra m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng cho k\u00eanh ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u00eanh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng logic 24 V v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 5 V ho\u1eb7c 48 V t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00e9o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Mua theo d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n: C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu, b\u1eaby \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb trong 5 ph\u00fat<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y: m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n 24 V g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u201c\u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i\u201d, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 ghi m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n<h3>C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 0<\/h3>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. D\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu cam k\u1ebft. Ba b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n datasheet \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o: d\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. Th\u1ee9 hai, so s\u00e1nh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac gi\u00e1. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u00b11,0 % nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 g\u00ec c\u1ea3 th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 ba, khi ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1ed3i\u201d s\u1ebd c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u201cn\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ed5n th\u00f4i\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<h3>B\u1eaby \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/h3>\n\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi so s\u00e1nh, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p danh \u0111\u1ecbnh), v\u00e0 hai quy \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p danh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m tham chi\u1ebfu: m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n 24 V ghi \u201c\u2264 240 mV\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 1,0 %. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo d\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u201c\u00b11,0 %, t\u1ea3i 0\u2013100 %\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u00b11,0 %, t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean 20 %\u201d l\u00e0 hai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau mang c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m tra gh\u1ebf d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb trong n\u0103m ph\u00fat<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"rich-card rich-steps bd-reveal\">\n <div class=\"rich-step-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">1<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-step-txt\"><strong>M\u00e9t:<\/strong> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i 1 mV \u1edf d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c ra c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n. Ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y c\u00e1p d\u00e0i: b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n, c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean d\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-step-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">2<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-step-txt\"><strong>T\u1ea3i:<\/strong> m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 100 %, 50 % v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 0 % so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i m\u1ee9c.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-step-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">3<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-step-txt\"><strong>Th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n:<\/strong> \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ((V_no-load \u2212 V_full-load) \u00f7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu) \u00d7 100 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cam k\u1ebft \u00b11,0 % v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, th\u00ec cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. N\u1ebfu \u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng in tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 <em>l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a<\/em>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ea3i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ea3i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng hay kh\u00f4ng? Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi sai s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7ch ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u1edf 40 \u00b0C v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i: \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kinh doanh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n thay v\u00ec t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u thu g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n: t\u00f4i n\u00ean nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng m\u00e3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (SKU) n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kia?<\/p>\n\n<p>H\u00e3y xem logic c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i k\u00e8m theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1eed trong n\u0103m ph\u00fat thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng in s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 ghi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Khi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1eadu m\u00e3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u00e0 do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n hay t\u1ea3i trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. M\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chi\u00eau tr\u00f2 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n<p>Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i \u00b11,0 %. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e8n LED, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c pin ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i 5 % ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. H\u00e3y l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng: \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y (\u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1) c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 mua nh\u1ea7m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n hay t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ebb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e0 giao cho nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i m\u1eabu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p k\u00e8m theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu s\u1ebd nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"bd-closer\">C\u1ee7a OMCH <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/product-selection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/a> so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng cho m\u1ed9t SKU m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bp-cta-end\">\n <p class=\"bp-cta-end-ttl\"><span class=\"bd-cta-ic\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><path d=\"m22 2-7 20-4-9-9-4Z\"\/><path d=\"M22 2 11 13\"\/><\/svg><\/span>H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n <p class=\"bp-cta-end-sub\">Vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n 24 V g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111ang so s\u00e1nh, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n <a class=\"bp-cta-end-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">G\u1eedi b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Wikipedia. \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i.\u201d Truy c\u1eadp n\u0103m 2026. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Load_regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Load_regulation<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Siemens. \u201cB\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh SIMATIC S7 S7-1200 \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 24 V DC, d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb 20,4 \u0111\u1ebfn 28,8 V DC.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/support.industry.siemens.com\/cs\/mdm\/109759862\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/support.industry.siemens.com\/cs\/mdm\/109759862<\/a><\/li>\n<li>National Instruments. \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ni.com\/en\/shop\/electronic-test-instrumentation\/power-supplies-and-loads\/what-are-programmable-power-supplies\/line-load-regulation-cascading.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ni.com\/en\/shop\/electronic-test-instrumentation\/power-supplies-and-loads\/what-are-programmable-power-supplies\/line-load-regulation-cascading.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n DigiKey. \u201cB\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN: C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/forum.digikey.com\/t\/din-rail-industrial-power-supply-defining-characteristics\/64213\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/forum.digikey.com\/t\/din-rail-industrial-power-supply-defining-characteristics\/64213<\/a><\/li>\n<li>r\/AskElectronics. \u201cL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n khi \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i?\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/AskElectronics\/comments\/1rxas3u\/how_do_you_test_power_supplies_under_load\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/AskElectronics\/comments\/1rxas3u\/how_do_you_test_power_supplies_under_load\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n EEVblog. \u201cXin gi\u00fap t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n \u2014 \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (CV) \u2264 0,01 % + 3 mV.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eevblog.com\/forum\/beginners\/help-me-with-power-supply\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.eevblog.com\/forum\/beginners\/help-me-with-power-supply\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>OMCH. \u201cL\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/product-selection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/product-selection\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>OMCH. \u201cB\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/switch-mode-power-supply\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/switch-mode-power-supply\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Trang ch\u1ee7 OMCH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n: Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bus 24 V c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1edbt qua: \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u201c\u00b11,0 %\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u2264 1 %,\u201d v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef nh\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. Khi [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12322,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Power Supply Load Regulation: Definition, Formula & Testing","_seopress_titles_desc":"Learn what power supply load regulation means, how to calculate it, compare 24 V supply classes, and test voltage dips, wiring loss, and overloads.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mmlblog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12319"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12323,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12319\/revisions\/12323"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12322"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":12319,"date":"2026-09-11T06:52:26","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T06:52:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/?p=12319"},"modified":"2026-09-11T06:52:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T06:52:28","slug":"power-supply-load-regulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/power-supply-load-regulation\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n: Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y 24 V c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\nGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n: Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y 24 V c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/title>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"bd-post\">\n<style>\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Manrope:wght@400;600;700&family=Roboto:wght@600;700&display=swap');\n\n.bd-post {\n --prose-width: 720px;\n --gap-attach: 16px;\n --gap-normal: 32px;\n --gap-section: 48px;\n --pad-compact: 16px;\n --pad-standard: 24px;\n --body-bg: #FFFFFF;\n --text-primary: #333333;\n --text-secondary: #6E6E6E;\n --heading-ink: #000000;\n --accent: #479DE2;\n --accent-text: #2A76B4;\n --accent-hot: #FD9649;\n --navy: #0D3972;\n --inverse-bg: #1E1E1E;\n --inverse-text: #FFFFFF;\n --inverse-text-secondary: #B0B0B0;\n --card-fill: #F4F8FC;\n --card-border: #E0E0E0;\n --divider: #C0C0C0;\n --divider-inv: #6E6E6E;\n --panel-fill: #FAFAFA;\n --btn-white: #FFFFFF;\n --btn-ink: #1E1E1E;\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-size: 16px;\n font-weight: 400;\n line-height: 1.6;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n background: var(--body-bg);\n padding: 40px;\n max-width: 100%;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n.bd-post a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; 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}\n.bd-post .bd-table tr:hover td:first-child { color: var(--accent-text); }\n\n\/* --- Sanctioned motion: hover layer gated by prefers-reduced-motion; reveal opacity-only --- *\/\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {\n @supports (animation-timeline: view()) {\n .bd-post .bd-reveal { animation: bd-fade-in linear both; animation-timeline: view(); animation-range: entry 0% entry 35%; }\n @keyframes bd-fade-in { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } }\n }\n .bd-post h2 { transition: color .2s ease-out, transform .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post h2:hover { color: var(--accent-text); transform: scale(1.02); }\n .bd-post .rich-card { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .rich-card:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); }\n .bd-post .table-block { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .table-block:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article a { transition: color .2s ease-out, text-decoration-color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn { transition: transform .2s ease-out, background-color .2s ease-out, color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n .bd-post { padding: 16px; }\n .bd-post h1 { font-size: 24px; }\n .bd-post h2 { font-size: 26px; margin-top: 32px; }\n .bd-post h3 { font-size: 20px; margin-top: 24px; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-hd { display: none; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-row {\n grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;\n row-gap: 6px;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-why,\n .bd-post .bp-1-for { grid-column: 1 \/ -1; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-fig { font-size: 17px; }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<article class=\"bd-post-article\">\n\n<p>Trong m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1edbt qua: <em>\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i<\/em>. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u201c\u00b11,0 %\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u2264 1 %\u201d, v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef in nh\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n 24 V s\u1ee5t \u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u1edf xa hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb 23,1 V t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t PLC t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111ang g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, hay c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f4i khi, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Power-Supply-Load-Regulation.webp\" style=\"width: 512px; height: 384px; max-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 12px; margin: 30px auto; display: block; box-shadow: 10px 10px 60px 0px rgba(210, 221, 224, 0.35); transition: all 0.3s ease; cursor: pointer;\" onmouseover=\"this.style.transform='translateY(-5px) scale(1.03)'; this.style.boxShadow='15px 25px 80px 0px rgba(210, 221, 224, 0.45)'\" onmouseout=\"this.style.transform='translateY(0) scale(1)'; this.style.boxShadow='10px 10px 60px 0px rgba(210, 221, 224, 0.35)'\"> \n\n\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n do t\u1ea3i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Load_regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a>). Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tham chi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi \u201c\u2264 50 mV\u201d, trong khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh s\u1ebd ghi \u201c0,01 %.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a. B\u00ean trong m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. V\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 <em>th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh: sai s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y. M\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi b\u1ea1n xem ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang xem m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. D\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"rich-callout rich-callout-f\">\n <span class=\"rich-callout-ic\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"2\" width=\"16\" height=\"20\" rx=\"2\"\/><line x1=\"8\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"16\" y2=\"6\"\/><line x1=\"16\" y1=\"14\" x2=\"16\" y2=\"18\"\/><path d=\"M16 10h.01\"\/><path d=\"M12 10h.01\"\/><path d=\"M8 10h.01\"\/><path d=\"M12 14h.01\"\/><path d=\"M8 14h.01\"\/><path d=\"M12 18h.01\"\/><path d=\"M8 18h.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-callout-text\">H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i (%) = (V_no-load \u2212 V_full-load) \u00f7 V_reference \u00d7 100, trong \u0111\u00f3 V_reference l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra danh \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 hai quy \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y cho ra c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n. Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>C\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng: c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng ghi m\u1ee9c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, trong khi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i ghi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb volt ho\u1eb7c millivolt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do dao \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi ph\u1ed1i sai s\u1ed1 (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Load_regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a>). Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em: <em>quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y<\/em> cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sai s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau khi <em>d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/em> s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, khi t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ni.com\/en\/shop\/electronic-test-instrumentation\/power-supplies-and-loads\/what-are-programmable-power-supplies\/line-load-regulation-cascading.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NI<\/a>). Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c bus \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n\n<p>H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi m\u01b0\u1eddi ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t\u201d, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch t\u1edbi ba b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n uy t\u00edn cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef cho \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u201cd\u01b0\u1edbi 5 %\u201d. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng ghi r\u00f5 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (CV) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u2264 0,01 % + 3 mV\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eevblog.com\/forum\/beginners\/help-me-with-power-supply\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n EEVblog<\/a>). M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN nh\u01b0 Mean Well NDR-75 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u00b11,0 %.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 sai. C\u1ea3 ba con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d, m\u1ed7i con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u00e0nh cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bp-1-tier\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-hd\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-hc\">L\u1edbp<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-hc\">S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-hc\">T\u1ea1i sao l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y?<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-hc\">M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-row\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-cls\">B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-fig\">~0,01 % ho\u1eb7c \u201c0,01 % + 3 mV\u201d<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-why\">M\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i cao, t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9, c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-for\">Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-row\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-cls\">B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 24 V g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN \/ c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-fig\">t\u1eeb \u00b10,5 % \u0111\u1ebfn \u00b11,0 %<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-why\">V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi sai s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed.<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-for\">B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, PLC v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bus c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-row\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-cls\">B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i AC-DC d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-fig\">\u201ctrong v\u00f2ng 5 %\u201d ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-why\">D\u00e2y v\u00f2ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n.<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-1-for\">\u0110\u00e8n, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n DIN-rail 24 V c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u00b11,0 % \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3. Con s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i. V\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft ng\u1ea7m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o n\u00f3: ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ea3i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/AskElectronics\/comments\/1rxas3u\/how_do_you_test_power_supplies_under_load\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">r\/AskElectronics<\/a> l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean 20%.\u201d D\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u201c0\u2013100 t\u1ea3i %\u201d tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u201c10\u2013100 %\u201d, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a 10 % c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a, hai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u1edf tr\u00ean. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp sau. Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y, n\u1eeda t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i n\u00e0y m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m ph\u00fat v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y 24 V kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh: S\u1ee5t \u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t tr\u00ean d\u00e2y d\u1eabn<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch xa m\u1ee9c 24 V t\u1ea1i <em>t\u1ea3i<\/em>. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean \u0111i t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sai.<\/p>\n\n<h3>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n A: s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi khi c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt v\u00e0o<\/h3>\n\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc t\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t van \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y b\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eadt l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p m\u1ea1nh trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i PLC ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng r\u01a1le \u0111ang gi\u1eef. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eaft, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i theo ngh\u0129a k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1ng qua: t\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. V\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch lu\u00f4n \u201cch\u1eadm m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/AskElectronics\/comments\/1rxas3u\/how_do_you_test_power_supplies_under_load\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">r\/AskElectronics<\/a>). Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i t\u0129nh (\u00b11,0 %) trong b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, sau khi v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n dung \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c (bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p, th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i) m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ea7m tay t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh, do \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee5t \u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng 19 V trong v\u00e0i mili gi\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn, h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bus b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 MIN-hold trong khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee5t \u00e1p m\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 che l\u1ea5p (<a href=\"https:\/\/forum.digikey.com\/t\/din-rail-industrial-power-supply-defining-characteristics\/64213\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n DigiKey, H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"rich-callout rich-callout-w\">\n <span class=\"rich-callout-ic\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><path d=\"m21.73 18-8-14a2 2 0 0 0-3.48 0l-8 14A2 2 0 0 0 4 21h16a2 2 0 0 0 1.73-3\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"9\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"13\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"17\" x2=\"12.01\" y2=\"17\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-callout-text\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c: khi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean thanh DIN b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u201chiccup\u201d (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 115\u2013150 % so v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, theo b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n B: m\u1ee9c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u xa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y<\/h3>\n\n<p>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ee9 hai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 24,0 V t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, trong khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 30 feet lu\u00f4n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 23,2 V, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i: th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 volt thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u0111ang b\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i. V\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebft \u00e1p tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb 24 V l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 29 V (<a href=\"https:\/\/forum.digikey.com\/t\/din-rail-industrial-power-supply-defining-characteristics\/64213\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n DigiKey<\/a>). Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee9c cung \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 <em>t\u1ea3i<\/em> nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 24,0 V, b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p I\u00b7R \u1edf gi\u1eefa. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n logic l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (PLC) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng I\/O c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y: m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 24 V DC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb 20,4 \u0111\u1ebfn 28,8 V (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.industry.siemens.com\/cs\/mdm\/109759862\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Siemens S7-1200<\/a>). Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 24,5 ho\u1eb7c 25 V l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. Khi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y, ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai g\u1ea7n t\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1edf ph\u00eda xa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n<h3>T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n?<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"rich-card rich-checklist bd-reveal\">\n <div class=\"rich-check-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">1<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-check-txt\"><span>Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn. <\/span><span class=\"bd-arrow\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p \u0111o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Scope ho\u1eb7c MIN-hold), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-check-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">2<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-check-txt\"><span>Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i \u1edf xa <\/span><span class=\"bd-arrow\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y \u0111o t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p; n\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c trong khi \u0111\u1ea7u kia th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean d\u00e2y d\u1eabn.<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-check-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">3<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-check-txt\"><span>Ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c <\/span><span class=\"bd-arrow\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span> Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u2014 h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd trong b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ea3i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 xem d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-check-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">4<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-check-txt\"><span>S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung \u1ee9ng s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p <\/span><span class=\"bd-arrow\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span> H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i\/gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ecb k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t hay kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/span><\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh trung th\u1ef1c: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00e2y cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n cung l\u00e0 <em>t\u1ed1t<\/em>, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 24 V t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u00b11,0 % c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m).<\/p>\n\n<h2>Ba th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i\u201d l\u00e0 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh. Ba th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"table-block bd-reveal\">\n <p class=\"rich-table-title\">Ba th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n <table class=\"bd-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr><th>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th><th>N\u1ed9i dung quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/th><th>Ai ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m?<\/th><th>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/th><\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00e9o (ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111a \u0111\u1ea7u ra)<\/td><td>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau<\/td><td>C\u00f3 ai \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 24 V t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/td><td>Khi \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a, li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng?<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tho\u00e1ng qua (s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i)<\/td><td>Trong m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea3i nhanh, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m bao xa v\u00e0 trong bao l\u00e2u<\/td><td>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, b\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t, van ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u in \u2014 t\u1ea3i xung<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1edbn dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho b\u01b0\u1edbc 50\u2013100 % l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/td><td>M\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td><td>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i (ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1edd, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c)<\/td><td>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn % hay ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi t\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh?<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00e9o l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u00edt tr\u1ef1c quan nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111a \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p chung, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra duy nh\u1ea5t: th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh. Khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb9. N\u1ebfu thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ee5 s\u1ebd dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in ra m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng cho k\u00eanh ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u00eanh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng logic 24 V v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 5 V ho\u1eb7c 48 V t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p, h\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00e9o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Mua theo d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n: C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu, b\u1eaby \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb trong 5 ph\u00fat<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y: m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n 24 V g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u201c\u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i\u201d, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 ghi m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n<h3>C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 0<\/h3>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. D\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu cam k\u1ebft. Ba b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n datasheet \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o: d\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. Th\u1ee9 hai, so s\u00e1nh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac gi\u00e1. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u00b11,0 % nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 g\u00ec c\u1ea3 th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 ba, khi ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1ed3i\u201d s\u1ebd c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u201cn\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ed5n th\u00f4i\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<h3>B\u1eaby \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/h3>\n\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi so s\u00e1nh, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p danh \u0111\u1ecbnh), v\u00e0 hai quy \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p danh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m tham chi\u1ebfu: m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n 24 V ghi \u201c\u2264 240 mV\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 1,0 %. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo d\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u201c\u00b11,0 %, t\u1ea3i 0\u2013100 %\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u00b11,0 %, t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean 20 %\u201d l\u00e0 hai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau mang c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m tra gh\u1ebf d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb trong n\u0103m ph\u00fat<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"rich-card rich-steps bd-reveal\">\n <div class=\"rich-step-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">1<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-step-txt\"><strong>M\u00e9t:<\/strong> m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i 1 mV \u1edf d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c ra c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n. Ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y c\u00e1p d\u00e0i: b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n, c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean d\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-step-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">2<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-step-txt\"><strong>T\u1ea3i:<\/strong> m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 100 %, 50 % v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 0 % so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i m\u1ee9c.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-step-item\">\n <span class=\"bd-chip\">3<\/span>\n <div class=\"rich-step-txt\"><strong>Th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n:<\/strong> \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ((V_no-load \u2212 V_full-load) \u00f7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu) \u00d7 100 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cam k\u1ebft \u00b11,0 % v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, th\u00ec cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. N\u1ebfu \u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng in tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 <em>l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a<\/em>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ea3i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ea3i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng hay kh\u00f4ng? Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi sai s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7ch ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u1edf 40 \u00b0C v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i: \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kinh doanh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n thay v\u00ec t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u thu g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n: t\u00f4i n\u00ean nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng m\u00e3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (SKU) n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kia?<\/p>\n\n<p>H\u00e3y xem logic c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i k\u00e8m theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1eed trong n\u0103m ph\u00fat thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng in s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 ghi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Khi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1eadu m\u00e3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u00e0 do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n hay t\u1ea3i trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. M\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chi\u00eau tr\u00f2 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n<p>Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i \u00b11,0 %. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e8n LED, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c pin ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i 5 % ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. H\u00e3y l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng: \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y (\u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1) c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 mua nh\u1ea7m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n hay t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ebb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e0 giao cho nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i m\u1eabu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p k\u00e8m theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu s\u1ebd nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"bd-closer\">C\u1ee7a OMCH <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/product-selection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/a> so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng cho m\u1ed9t SKU m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bp-cta-end\">\n <p class=\"bp-cta-end-ttl\"><span class=\"bd-cta-ic\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"presentation\"><path d=\"m22 2-7 20-4-9-9-4Z\"\/><path d=\"M22 2 11 13\"\/><\/svg><\/span>H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n <p class=\"bp-cta-end-sub\">Vui l\u00f2ng g\u1eedi b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n 24 V g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111ang so s\u00e1nh, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n <a class=\"bp-cta-end-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">G\u1eedi b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Wikipedia. \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i.\u201d Truy c\u1eadp n\u0103m 2026. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Load_regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Load_regulation<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Siemens. \u201cB\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh SIMATIC S7 S7-1200 \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 24 V DC, d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb 20,4 \u0111\u1ebfn 28,8 V DC.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/support.industry.siemens.com\/cs\/mdm\/109759862\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/support.industry.siemens.com\/cs\/mdm\/109759862<\/a><\/li>\n<li>National Instruments. \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ni.com\/en\/shop\/electronic-test-instrumentation\/power-supplies-and-loads\/what-are-programmable-power-supplies\/line-load-regulation-cascading.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ni.com\/en\/shop\/electronic-test-instrumentation\/power-supplies-and-loads\/what-are-programmable-power-supplies\/line-load-regulation-cascading.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n DigiKey. \u201cB\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN: C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/forum.digikey.com\/t\/din-rail-industrial-power-supply-defining-characteristics\/64213\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/forum.digikey.com\/t\/din-rail-industrial-power-supply-defining-characteristics\/64213<\/a><\/li>\n<li>r\/AskElectronics. \u201cL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n khi \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i?\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/AskElectronics\/comments\/1rxas3u\/how_do_you_test_power_supplies_under_load\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/AskElectronics\/comments\/1rxas3u\/how_do_you_test_power_supplies_under_load\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n EEVblog. \u201cXin gi\u00fap t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n \u2014 \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (CV) \u2264 0,01 % + 3 mV.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eevblog.com\/forum\/beginners\/help-me-with-power-supply\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.eevblog.com\/forum\/beginners\/help-me-with-power-supply\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>OMCH. \u201cL\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/product-selection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/product-selection\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>OMCH. \u201cB\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/switch-mode-power-supply\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/switch-mode-power-supply\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Trang ch\u1ee7 OMCH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n: Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bus 24 V c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1eafn tr\u00ean thanh DIN \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1edbt qua: \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u201c\u00b11,0 %\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u2264 1 %,\u201d v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef nh\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. Khi [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12322,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Power Supply Load Regulation: Definition, Formula & Testing","_seopress_titles_desc":"Learn what power supply load regulation means, how to calculate it, compare 24 V supply classes, and test voltage dips, wiring loss, and overloads.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mmlblog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12319"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12323,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12319\/revisions\/12323"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12322"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}