S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn: C\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i PNP, NPN, 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 4 d\u00e2y<\/title>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"bd-post\">\n<style>\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Manrope:wght@400;600;700&family=Roboto:wght@600;700&display=swap');\n\n.bd-post {\n --prose-width: 680px;\n --gap-attach: 16px;\n --gap-normal: 32px;\n --gap-section: 48px;\n --pad-compact: 16px;\n --pad-standard: 24px;\n --body-bg: #FFFFFF;\n --text-primary: #333333;\n --text-secondary: #6E6E6E;\n --heading-ink: #000000;\n --accent: #479DE2;\n --accent-deep: #2A76B4;\n --accent-hot: #FD9649;\n --accent-hot-deep: #B85C17;\n --navy: #0D3972;\n --inverse-bg: #1E1E1E;\n --inverse-text: #FFFFFF;\n --inv-secondary: #B3B3B3;\n --card-bg: #F4F8FC;\n --card-border: #E0E0E0;\n --divider-dark: #444444;\n --wire-brown: #6B4A2B;\n --wire-blue: #1F6FB2;\n --wire-black: #333333;\n --btn-white: #FFFFFF;\n --btn-ink: #1E1E1E;\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-size: 16px;\n font-weight: 400;\n line-height: 1.6;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n background: var(--body-bg);\n padding: 40px;\n max-width: 100%;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n.bd-post a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; word-break: break-word; }\n.bd-post p, .bd-post li { overflow-wrap: break-word; }\n.bd-post .bd-post-article { max-width: var(--prose-width); margin: 0 auto; }\n.bd-post [class*=\"bp-\"], .bd-post [class*=\"rich-\"] { box-sizing: border-box; }\n.bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-2-pairing { margin: var(--gap-normal) 0; }\n.bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-1-wires { margin: var(--gap-attach) 0 var(--gap-normal); }\n.bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-cta-mid, .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-cta-end { margin: var(--gap-section) 0; }\n\n\/* PROSE SPACING \u2014 FIXED STANDARD *\/\n.bd-post p { margin: 0 0 1em; }\n.bd-post h2 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.2; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 48px 0 16px; }\n.bd-post h3 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.25; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 32px 0 12px; }\n.bd-post ul, .bd-post ol { margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 1.5em; }\n.bd-post ul { list-style: disc; }\n.bd-post ul li::marker { color: var(--accent-deep); }\n.bd-post li { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }\n.bd-post strong { font-weight: 700; }\n\n\/* ANCHOR PERMIT-LIST \u2014 visual props on content anchors only *\/\n.bd-post p a, .bd-post li a, .bd-post blockquote a, .bd-post td a {\n color: var(--accent-deep);\n text-decoration: underline;\n text-decoration-color: currentColor;\n text-underline-offset: 2px;\n}\n.bd-post p a:hover, .bd-post li a:hover, .bd-post blockquote a:hover, .bd-post td a:hover {\n color: var(--accent-hot-deep);\n}\n\n\/* ===== BP-1 \u00b7 three-wire color anchors ===== *\/\n.bd-post .bp-1-wires {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n gap: 12px;\n background: var(--card-bg);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: var(--pad-compact);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-row {\n display: flex;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 12px;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-wire {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 10px;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-swatch {\n width: 26px;\n height: 26px;\n border-radius: 4px;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n font-size: 12px;\n font-weight: 700;\n letter-spacing: 0.02em;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-1-swatch--bn { background: var(--wire-brown); color: var(--btn-white); }\n.bd-post .bp-1-swatch--bu { background: var(--wire-blue); color: var(--btn-white); }\n.bd-post .bp-1-swatch--bk { background: var(--wire-black); color: var(--btn-white); }\n.bd-post .bp-1-wire-name { font-weight: 600; }\n.bd-post .bp-1-wire-fn { color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 14px; }\n.bd-post .bp-1-arrow {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n flex: 0 0 auto;\n color: var(--accent-deep);\n}\n\n\/* ===== BP-2 \u00b7 signature pairing map (inverse) ===== *\/\n.bd-post .bp-2-pairing {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n gap: 12px;\n background: var(--inverse-bg);\n color: var(--inverse-text);\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-2-title {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 20px;\n line-height: 1.3;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-2-title-ico { display: inline-flex; color: var(--accent); }\n.bd-post .bp-2-row {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 12px;\n padding-bottom: 12px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--divider-dark);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-2-row:last-of-type { padding-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 0; }\n.bd-post .bp-2-side { flex: 1 1 0; min-width: 0; }\n.bd-post .bp-2-side--right { text-align: right; }\n.bd-post .bp-2-name { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 17px; }\n.bd-post .bp-2-desc { color: var(--inv-secondary); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; }\n.bd-post .bp-2-arrow { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; color: var(--accent); }\n.bd-post .bp-2-note { color: var(--inv-secondary); font-size: 14px; }\n\n\/* ===== RICH \u00b7 ComparisonTable ===== *\/\n.bd-post .rich-table { margin: 0 0 1em; }\n.bd-post .rich-table .table-wrapper { overflow-x: auto; }\n.bd-post .rich-table table {\n width: 100%;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n font-size: 15px;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-table caption {\n text-align: left;\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 16px;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n margin-bottom: 12px;\n padding: 0;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-table th {\n background: var(--card-bg);\n color: var(--navy);\n font-weight: 700;\n text-align: left;\n padding: 12px 14px;\n border-bottom: 2px solid var(--navy);\n border-right: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n}\n.bd-post .rich-table th:last-child { border-right: 0; }\n.bd-post .rich-table td {\n padding: 12px 14px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-right: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-table td:last-child { border-right: 0; }\n.bd-post .rich-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) td { background: var(--card-bg); }\n.bd-post .rich-table td:first-child { font-weight: 600; color: var(--text-primary); }\n\n\/* ===== RICH \u00b7 Card Checklist ===== *\/\n.bd-post .rich-checklist {\n background: var(--card-bg);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n margin: 0 0 1em;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-checklist .rich-title {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 18px;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n margin-bottom: 16px;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-checklist .rich-title-ico { display: inline-flex; color: var(--accent-deep); }\n.bd-post .rich-checklist ul { list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin: 0; }\n.bd-post .rich-checklist li {\n display: flex;\n gap: 10px;\n margin-bottom: 12px;\n font-size: 15px;\n line-height: 1.55;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-checklist li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n.bd-post .rich-checklist li .rich-item-ico { flex: 0 0 auto; display: flex; margin-top: 2px; color: var(--accent-deep); }\n\n\/* ===== RICH \u00b7 Callout MultiColumn ===== *\/\n.bd-post .rich-multicol {\n background: var(--card-bg);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n margin: 0 0 1em;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n gap: 24px;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-col-head {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 16px;\n color: var(--navy);\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-col-head .rich-title-ico { display: inline-flex; color: var(--accent-deep); }\n.bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-col-item { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.55; margin-bottom: 10px; }\n.bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-col-item:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n.bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-col-item em { color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 14px; }\n\n\/* ===== CTA mid ===== *\/\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n gap: 12px;\n background: var(--card-bg);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid .bp-cta-mid-title {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 18px;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid .bp-cta-mid-ico { display: inline-flex; color: var(--accent-deep); }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid .bp-cta-mid-sub { color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 15px; }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn {\n display: inline-block;\n background: var(--navy);\n color: var(--btn-white);\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-size: 15px;\n font-weight: 600;\n text-decoration: none;\n padding: 12px 22px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n align-self: flex-start;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn:hover {\n background: var(--accent-hot);\n color: var(--btn-ink);\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\n\/* ===== CTA end (inverse) ===== *\/\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 16px;\n text-align: center;\n background: var(--inverse-bg);\n color: var(--inverse-text);\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end .bp-cta-end-ico { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: -0.2em; margin-right: 8px; color: var(--accent); }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end .bp-cta-end-title {\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 22px;\n line-height: 1.3;\n color: var(--inverse-text);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end .bp-cta-end-sub {\n color: var(--inv-secondary);\n font-size: 16px;\n max-width: 540px;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn {\n display: inline-block;\n background: var(--accent-hot);\n color: var(--btn-ink);\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-size: 16px;\n font-weight: 600;\n text-decoration: none;\n padding: 14px 28px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover {\n background: var(--btn-white);\n color: var(--navy);\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\n\/* SANCTIONED MOTION \u2014 gated, no loops, no geometry morphs *\/\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {\n .bd-post h2 {\n transition: color .2s ease-out, transform .2s ease-out;\n }\n .bd-post h2:hover {\n color: var(--accent-deep);\n transform: scale(1.02);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-wires, .bd-post .bp-cta-mid {\n transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-wires:hover, .bd-post .bp-cta-mid:hover {\n transform: translateY(-2px);\n box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn, .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn {\n transition: background-color .2s ease-out, color .2s ease-out, transform .2s ease-out;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn:hover, .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover {\n transform: translateY(-1px);\n }\n .bd-post .rich-table tbody tr td { transition: color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .rich-table tbody tr:hover td:first-child { color: var(--accent-deep); }\n .bd-post p a, .bd-post li a, .bd-post blockquote a, .bd-post td a {\n transition: color .2s ease-out, text-decoration-color .2s ease-out;\n }\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n .bd-post { padding: 16px; }\n .bd-post h2 { font-size: 26px; margin-top: 32px; }\n .bd-post h3 { font-size: 20px; margin-top: 24px; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-row { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-arrow { transform: rotate(90deg); }\n .bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }\n .bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-col:first-child {\n padding-bottom: 16px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n }\n}\n\n\/* ---- References (canonical .bd-refs) ---- *\/\n.bd-post .bd-refs { margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 1.6em; }\n.bd-post .bd-refs li { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--text-secondary, #6E6E6E); margin-bottom: 10px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }\n.bd-post .bd-refs li::marker { color: var(--accent-deep, #2A76B4); }\n.bd-post .bd-refs li a { color: var(--accent-deep, #2A76B4); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }\n.bd-post .bd-refs li a:hover { color: var(--heading-ink, #000000); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"bd-post-article\">\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u201cs\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch\u201d, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t trong hai th\u1ee9 sau \u0111\u00e2y: ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi toanh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u0169 m\u00e0 nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng n\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc: m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng ba d\u00e2y m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y (PNP, NPN, 2 d\u00e2y, 4 d\u00e2y, r\u01a1-le), c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng linh ki\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n dung v\u00e0 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n<h2>C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch: Ba d\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn DC, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd theo ba c\u00e1ch: ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 3 d\u00e2y, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in b\u1eb1ng ba m\u00e0u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bp-1-wires\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-row\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-wire\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-swatch bp-1-swatch--bn\">BN<\/span>\n <span><span class=\"bp-1-wire-name\">M\u00e0u n\u00e2u<\/span><br><span class=\"bp-1-wire-fn\">ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <span class=\"bp-1-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <div class=\"bp-1-wire\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-swatch bp-1-swatch--bu\">BU<\/span>\n <span><span class=\"bp-1-wire-name\">Xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><br><span class=\"bp-1-wire-fn\">ngu\u1ed3n \u00e2m \/ 0 V<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <span class=\"bp-1-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <div class=\"bp-1-wire\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-swatch bp-1-swatch--bk\">BK<\/span>\n <span><span class=\"bp-1-wire-name\">M\u00e0u \u0111en<\/span><br><span class=\"bp-1-wire-fn\">\u0111\u1ea7u ra chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn DC 3 d\u00e2y c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ba \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 60947-5-2 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pepperl-fuchs.com\/en-us\/support\/knowledge-and-literature\/knowledge-bases-for-industrial-sensors\/knowledge-base-for-inductive-sensors\/sensor-versions\/connection-methods-gp28962\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Pepperl+Fuchs<\/a>):<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Brown (BN):<\/strong> ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/li>\n <li><strong>M\u00e0u xanh (BU):<\/strong> ngu\u1ed3n \u00e2m \/ 0 V<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0110en (BK):<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea7u ra chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>D\u00e2y n\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u00e2y xanh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n; ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 3 d\u00e2y m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p. D\u00e2y \u0111en m\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i qua t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC, cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y r\u01a1le ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc t\u01a1) tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i <em>ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean d\u00e2y n\u00e2u v\u00e0 xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2y \u0111en kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00f2n hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e3 m\u00e0u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 60947-5-2, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd: c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u0169, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn AC v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c. Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp nhau, h\u00e3y tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo). Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u201cs\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cs\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d, \u0111\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn (cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, t\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec7n dung ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 thu quang) n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong v\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"margin:32px 0; padding:20px; background:#EAF3FB; border:1px solid #D3D3D3; border-radius:12px;\">\n <p style=\"margin:0 0 12px; font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35; color:#0D3972;\">\n Xem: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch\n <\/p>\n\n <div style=\"position:relative; width:100%; aspect-ratio:16 \/ 9; overflow:hidden; border-radius:8px; background:#000;\">\n <iframe\n src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/fjaiyDClPRY?rel=0\"\n title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn\"\n loading=\"lazy\"\n style=\"position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; border:0;\"\n allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\"\n referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"\n allowfullscreen>\n <\/iframe>\n <\/div>\n\n <p style=\"margin:12px 0 0; font-size:14px; line-height:1.5; color:#6E6E6E;\">\n H\u00e3y xem c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh PNP ho\u1eb7c NPN.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y: PNP\/NPN 3 d\u00e2y, 2 d\u00e2y, 4 d\u00e2y, r\u01a1le<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ba d\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong m\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e0u \u0111en s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n<h3>PNP v\u00e0 NPN 3 d\u00e2y (lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t)<\/h3>\n\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i DC 3 d\u00e2y, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i 3 d\u00e2y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n <li><strong>PNP<\/strong> (\u0111\u1ea7u ra \u201csourcing\u201d): khi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, d\u00e2y m\u00e0u \u0111en s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 <strong>t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 <em>ngu\u1ed3n<\/em> d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 0 V.<\/li>\n <li><strong>NPN<\/strong> (\u0111\u1ea7u ra \u201cgi\u1ea3m\u201d): khi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, d\u00e2y m\u00e0u \u0111en s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 <strong>ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 <em>b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda<\/em> d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c +24 V.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft gi\u00fap ghi nh\u1edb v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba: <strong>P<\/strong>NP = \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i <strong>P<\/strong>d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, <strong>N<\/strong>PN = \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i <strong>N<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng. M\u00e0u d\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau: n\u00e2u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (+), xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c \u00e2m (\u2212), \u0111en n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch PNP v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch NPN c\u1ea1nh nhau, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft: v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u xa c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn DC 3 d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201330 V DC (h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n), v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf (NO). T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng (NC), th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Proximity-Sensor-Wiring-Diagram-2.webp\" style=\"width: 512px; height: 384px; max-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 12px; margin: 30px auto; display: block; box-shadow: 10px 10px 60px 0px rgba(210, 221, 224, 0.35); transition: all 0.3s ease; cursor: pointer;\" onmouseover=\"this.style.transform='translateY(-5px) scale(1.03)'; this.style.boxShadow='15px 25px 80px 0px rgba(210, 221, 224, 0.45)'\" onmouseout=\"this.style.transform='translateY(0) scale(1)'; this.style.boxShadow='10px 10px 60px 0px rgba(210, 221, 224, 0.35)'\"> \n\n<h3>Lo\u1ea1i 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i AC<\/h3>\n\n<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn 2 d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ra ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y <strong>theo chu\u1ed7i<\/strong> v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i, gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc phao. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, qua t\u1ea3i, r\u1ed3i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00e0y. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n <li><strong>D\u00f2ng r\u00f2 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/strong> C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 2 d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc h\u1edf ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o; n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 khi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201ct\u1eaft\u201d. D\u00f2ng r\u00f2 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 1\u20132 mA (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n: h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt) <em>d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khi t\u1eaft<\/em>). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC ho\u1eb7c r\u01a1-le \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u kia c\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eaft, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u201ct\u1eaft\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eadt\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 2 d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n\u201d. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf x\u1ea3: m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf 10 k\u03a9 n\u1ed1i ngang \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn theo \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 0,5 W \u1edf 24 V) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 c\u00f3 n\u01a1i tho\u00e1t ra.<\/li>\n <li><strong>S\u1ee5t \u00e1p khi d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/strong> Khi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eadt\u201d, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd g\u00e2y s\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. T\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1eeb \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i 24 V \u1edf m\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t mong mu\u1ed1n. Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra xem t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c s\u1ee5t \u00e1p n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn DC 2 d\u00e2y r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh (vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y n\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u00e2y xanh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb; h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng). <strong>C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 2 d\u00e2y AC (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 110\u2013240 V AC) kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c.<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y theo c\u1ea3 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn AC c\u0169 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i AC tu\u00e2n theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng r\u00f2, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ki\u1ec3u triac, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i DC trong c\u00e1c t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u0110\u1ea7u ra 4 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra r\u01a1le<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n <li><strong>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 4 d\u00e2y<\/strong> d\u1eabn hai d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n <em>v\u00e0 hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ra<\/em>: th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng (ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra PNP v\u00e0 NPN b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. H\u00e3y n\u1ed1i c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n; \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng. N\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i 4 d\u00e2y khi m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u201cc\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft\u201d g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn PLC v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft\u201d g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1o.<\/li>\n <li><strong>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra r\u01a1le<\/strong> L\u1eafp m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1ch ly c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC), \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch ly n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra r\u01a1-le tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p (c\u1eeda, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"rich-table\">\n <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n <table>\n <caption>Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?<\/caption>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"col\">Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\">M\u1eabu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\">Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\">Ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u2026<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\">H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td>PNP 3 d\u00e2y<\/td>\n <td>BN\u2192+, BU\u2192\u2212, BK\u2192\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o; \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 0 V<\/td>\n <td>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n (h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c PLC c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9)<\/td>\n <td>\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00eda \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/td>\n <td>Nh\u1eadp m\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4-\u0111un (lo\u1ea1i h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t); c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u PNP tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng t\u00ean<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>NPN 3 d\u00e2y<\/td>\n <td>BN\u2192+, BU\u2192\u2212, BK\u2192\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o; t\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 +24 V<\/td>\n <td>Ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho PLC (nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c1)<\/td>\n <td>\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o h\u00fat (sinking), y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t; hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\n <td>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1; c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u NPN tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng t\u00ean<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>DC 2 d\u00e2y<\/td>\n <td>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i \u2014 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/td>\n <td>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch khi d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n <td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u2192 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eadt\u201d sai\u201d<\/td>\n <td>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khi ng\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u 2 d\u00e2y<\/td>\n <td>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i, theo c\u1ea3 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/td>\n <td>M\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o AC, cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc t\u01a1<\/td>\n <td>Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 tri\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec5u<\/td>\n <td>D\u00f2ng t\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn; \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>4 d\u00e2y<\/td>\n <td>2 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ngu\u1ed3n + \u0111\u1ea7u ra NO v\u00e0 NC<\/td>\n <td>Hai m\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau<\/td>\n <td>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng trong khi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai bang \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n <td>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra n\u00e0o l\u00e0 NO\/NC v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\u0110\u1ea7u ra r\u01a1le<\/td>\n <td>Ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4 c\u00e1ch ly<\/td>\n <td>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o; t\u1ea3i AC ho\u1eb7c DC<\/td>\n <td>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a r\u01a1le<\/td>\n <td>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch; t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 <em>s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp<\/em> s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0o. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y gi\u1eefa hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u2014 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n? H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o<\/h3>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3: PNP, NPN, DC 2 d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 model c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra 2 d\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n <li>C\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn: d\u00e2y n\u00e2u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi +24 V, d\u00e2y xanh n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 0 V, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n <li>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC). \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c +24 V v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0o d\u00e2y m\u00e0u \u0111en (d\u00e2y ra).<\/li>\n <li>\u0110\u01b0a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (m\u1ed9t con \u1ed1c th\u00e9p l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng) \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p khi v\u1eadt m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u1ea1i khi v\u1eadt m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 24 V khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 0 V khi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u00e2m khi \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <strong>NPN<\/strong> thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i (g\u1ea7n 0 V khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, g\u1ea7n 24 V khi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n), \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <strong>PNP<\/strong> thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng (h\u00e3y th\u00e1o r\u1ed3i l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh) ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfng. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea7u ra khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf (cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y r\u01a1le ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC).<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c d\u00e2y m\u00e0u n\u00e2u, xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111en, \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1o PNP\/NPN s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat th\u1eddi gian \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng thu h\u1ed3i v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 \u2014 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o: ngu\u1ed3n cung hay b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 PNP\/NPN tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n: <strong>Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ea7u ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (PNP ho\u1eb7c NPN), c\u00f2n nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PLC \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn (sourcing ho\u1eb7c sinking). Hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n <li>A <strong>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP<\/strong> <em>ngu\u1ed3n<\/em> d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y ra t\u1eeb d\u00e2y m\u00e0u \u0111en c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t <strong>ch\u00ecm<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o).<\/li>\n <li>M\u1ed9t <strong>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn NPN<\/strong> <em>b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda<\/em> d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t <strong>t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng<\/strong> nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u201cNgu\u1ed3n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ec3 thu\u201d lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cc\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 thu\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 thu\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau. Khi b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00f2ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u ra PNP ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea3y <em>v\u00e0o<\/em> t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb. D\u00f9 th\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9<\/strong> H\u00e3y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3u sinking. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Siemens S7-1200\/S7-1500 v\u00e0 Rockwell ControlLogix\/CompactLogix \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3u sinking Lo\u1ea1i 1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP 3 d\u00e2y (H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Siemens SiePortal \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o Lo\u1ea1i 1 tr\u00ean S7-1200: <a href=\"https:\/\/sieportal.siemens.com\/en-ww\/support\/forum\/posts\/digital-io-connection-to-s7-1214c\/221580\">tham kh\u1ea3o di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n<\/a>; M\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o 1756-IB16 c\u1ee7a Rockwell \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP-sourcing theo th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt 1756-TD002: <a href=\"https:\/\/literature.rockwellautomation.com\/idc\/groups\/literature\/documents\/td\/1756-td002_-en-e.pdf\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Rockwell<\/a>).<\/li>\n <li><strong>Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/strong> Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn NPN c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Mitsubishi v\u00e0 Omron th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u00edt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u01b0u \u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn NPN: \u0111\u1ea7u ra NPN \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eadt\u201d khi b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu d\u00e2y t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t <em>tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7<\/em>. Trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cb\u1eadt\u201d sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m (c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00f3a an to\u00e0n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u1eebng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p), n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra PNP ho\u1eb7c r\u01a1le. Khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu d\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch, m\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201ct\u1eaft\u201d, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bp-2-pairing\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-title\">\n <span class=\"bp-2-title-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M8 3 4 7l4 4\"\/><path d=\"M4 7h16\"\/><path d=\"m16 21 4-4-4-4\"\/><path d=\"M20 17H4\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo hai \u0111\u1ea7u\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-row\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-side\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-name\">C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-desc\">Ngu\u1ed3n ra cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua d\u00e2y m\u00e0u \u0111en (+V khi b\u1eadt)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <span class=\"bp-2-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <div class=\"bp-2-side bp-2-side--right\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-name\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u00ecm<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-desc\">d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-row\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-side\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-name\">C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn NPN<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-desc\">\u0111\u1ea7u ra h\u00fat d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u1ea3i (0 V khi b\u1eadt)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <span class=\"bp-2-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <div class=\"bp-2-side bp-2-side--right\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-name\">Thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-desc\">d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-note\">Ch\u1ecdn c\u1eb7p m\u00e0 th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u2014 ph\u00eda c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 PNP ho\u1eb7c NPN, ph\u00eda th\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sourcing ho\u1eb7c sinking.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3 \u2014 B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 mua nh\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n<\/h3>\n\n<p>Ai c\u0169ng t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp: c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t mua lo\u1ea1i PNP cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ecm, hay m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn NPN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb kho \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n. C\u00f3 ba c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n <li><strong>R\u01a1le giao di\u1ec7n (gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i).<\/strong> T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t r\u01a1le nh\u1ecf; ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a r\u01a1le n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra PNP k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng hay \u0111\u1ea7u ra NPN k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n \u00e2m, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n tru theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Chi ph\u00ed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u01a1le v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c logic v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec n\u1eafm b\u1eaft sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf k\u00e9o l\u00ean\/k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng (gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/strong> C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn NPN k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf k\u00e9o l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn +24 V; c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 0 V. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 10 k\u03a9 (0,5 W \u1edf 24 V). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed: \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ra theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau t\u00e1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Thay th\u1ebf m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/strong> S\u1ebd r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng <em>kh\u00f4ng<\/em> C\u00f3 g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i miliampe. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c khi kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed1c kh\u00f3i. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng trong khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y sai kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0110ang thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn? B\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u0169 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng linh ki\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u <em>\u0111\u00e3 mua<\/em>. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"rich-checklist\">\n <p class=\"rich-title\"><span class=\"rich-title-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"m3 17 2 2 4-4\"\/><path d=\"m3 7 2 2 4-4\"\/><path d=\"M13 6h8\"\/><path d=\"M13 12h8\"\/><path d=\"M13 18h8\"\/><\/svg><\/span>B\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n <ul>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>1. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong> PNP, NPN, 2 d\u00e2y hay r\u01a1le \u2014 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn #1 \u201c\u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>2. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong> NO ho\u1eb7c NC \u2014 NO d\u00f9ng cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n\/\u0111\u1ebfm, NC d\u00f9ng cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1eebng (khi NC b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i do \u0111\u1ee9t d\u00e2y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/span><\/li>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>3. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 AC\/DC:<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 10\u201330 V DC, ho\u1eb7c 110\u2013240 V AC \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u c\u0169<\/span><\/li>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>4. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y:<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i 2, 3 ho\u1eb7c 4 d\u00e2y, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i (M8\/M12) \u2014 h\u00e3y \u0111o chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/span><\/li>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>5. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t:<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1p 8 mm c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn so v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn \u2014 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1p c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eabn c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span><\/li>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>6. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<\/strong> Th\u00e9p so v\u1edbi nh\u00f4m\/\u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u2014 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/li>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>7. Ki\u1ec3m tra logic \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong> th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u00ec (sinking\/sourcing) \u2014 h\u00e3y ghi c\u1ea3 c\u1eb7p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ph\u00eda c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi m\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o n\u00fat \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. Hai l\u01b0u \u00fd. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, NC kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1eebng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1edf (fail-open) khi d\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng an to\u00e0n, do \u0111\u00f3 NC ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n NO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 3 d\u00e2y (ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i), c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 2 d\u00e2y sang 3 d\u00e2y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i d\u00e2y \u1edf c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n<p>Khi linh ki\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh ba ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n r\u1ed3i so s\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eadt ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u ra sang m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft: li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng? Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn xem \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i hay kh\u00f4ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 2 d\u00e2y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u0169 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb \u201ck\u1eb9t \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eadt\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bp-cta-mid\">\n <div class=\"bp-cta-mid-title\">\n <span class=\"bp-cta-mid-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"m22 2-7 20-4-9-9-4Z\"\/><path d=\"M22 2 11 13\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i PNP hay NPN?\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-cta-mid-sub\">H\u00e3y g\u1eedi cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169 \u2014 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/div>\n <a class=\"bp-cta-mid-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf: B\u1ed5 sung h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho theo lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, kh\u00f4ng theo th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. <strong>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u.<\/strong> Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y trong x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m logo c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y g\u1ed1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Khi nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u201clo\u1ea1i\u201d l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n<h3>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n logic qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho h\u00e0ng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 b\u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u X kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, xin gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p\u201d. B\u00e1o gi\u00e1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0o trong hai lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n sang nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3. Danh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u201cghi r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng thay th\u1ebf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng tu\u00e2n theo logic t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia theo khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ho\u1eb7c B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i PNP v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ecm. H\u00e3y d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef lo\u1ea1i PNP 3 d\u00e2y l\u00e0m d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb DC 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra r\u01a1le d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u0169 h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (Mitsubishi, Omron v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch kh\u00e1c), ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i NPN v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m NPN l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y 2 d\u00e2y AC ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"rich-multicol\">\n <div class=\"rich-grid\">\n <div class=\"rich-col\">\n <div class=\"rich-col-head\">\n <span class=\"rich-title-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"M12 2a14.5 14.5 0 0 0 0 20 14.5 14.5 0 0 0 0-20\"\/><path d=\"M2 12h20\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \/ B\u1eafc M\u1ef9\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col-item\">\u0110\u1ea7u ra PNP 3 d\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3u h\u00fat d\u00f2ng (d\u00f2ng Siemens S7, d\u00f2ng Rockwell 1756\/1769)<\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col-item\">\u0110\u1eb7t PNP l\u00e0m t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh; gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn DC 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra r\u01a1-le cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u0169<\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col-item\"><em>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: PNP + NO\/NC + 10\u201330 V DC + s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y + kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/em><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col\">\n <div class=\"rich-col-head\">\n <span class=\"rich-title-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M12 2v2\"\/><path d=\"M12 20v2\"\/><path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"m17.66 17.66 1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M2 12h2\"\/><path d=\"M20 12h2\"\/><path d=\"m6.34 17.66-1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \/ Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col-item\">\u0110\u1ea7u ra 3 d\u00e2y NPN, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng (c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Mitsubishi, Omron)<\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col-item\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NPN l\u00e0m d\u00f2ng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh; gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 DC 2 d\u00e2y cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u0169<\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col-item\"><em>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: NPN + NO\/NC + 10\u201330 V DC + s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y + kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/em><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>T\u1ed3n kho theo khu v\u1ef1c \u2014 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5. Logic d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh doanh quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo l\u00f4 nh\u1ecf: nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t container. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cung \u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n to\u00e0n d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p mua c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng k\u00ea v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1ea1n. V\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u \u201ch\u00e3y cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n g\u00ec, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p\u201d, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t trang danh m\u1ee5c. Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bp-cta-end\">\n <div class=\"bp-cta-end-title\"><span class=\"bp-cta-end-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect width=\"20\" height=\"16\" x=\"2\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"m22 7-8.97 5.7a1.94 1.94 0 0 1-2.06 0L2 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>G\u1eedi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-cta-end-sub\">H\u00e3y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u2014 ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169 \u2014 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/div>\n <a class=\"bp-cta-end-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">Trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p><em>N\u1ebfu ngay l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n \u0111ang nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. OMCH s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn thay th\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 model, t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb m\u1eabu th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2014 h\u00e3y g\u1eedi cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y m\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec3m (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/product-selection\/\">g\u1eedi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y<\/a>).<\/em><\/p>\n\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"bd-refs\">\n <li>Pepperl+Fuchs. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pepperl-fuchs.com\/en-us\/support\/knowledge-and-literature\/knowledge-bases-for-industrial-sensors\/knowledge-base-for-inductive-sensors\/sensor-versions\/connection-methods-gp28962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u2014 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a>.\u201d C\u01a1 s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c: M\u00e0u s\u1eafc d\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u00e2n c\u1eafm theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 60947-5-2.<\/li>\n <li>Rockwell Automation. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/literature.rockwellautomation.com\/idc\/groups\/literature\/documents\/td\/1756-td002_-en-e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un I\/O ControlLogix 1756 \u2014 D\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (1756-TD002)<\/a>.\u201d T\u1ec7p PDF: C\u00e1ch l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP (lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n).<\/li>\n <li>Siemens. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/sieportal.siemens.com\/en-ww\/support\/forum\/posts\/digital-io-connection-to-s7-1214c\/221580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i IO k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi S7-1214C<\/a>.\u201d Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 SiePortal: \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i 1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 3 d\u00e2y.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/product-selection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/a>.\u201d T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm theo th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u\/m\u1eabu m\u00e3, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/sensor-switches\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/a>.\u201d C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/a>.\u201d<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trang ch\u1ee7<\/a>.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn: C\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i PNP, NPN, 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 4 d\u00e2y N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u201cs\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn\u201d, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t trong hai th\u1ee9 sau: ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u0169 m\u00e0 nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12170,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Proximity Sensor Wiring Diagram: PNP, NPN & 2-Wire","_seopress_titles_desc":"Learn how to wire PNP, NPN, 2-wire, 4-wire and relay-output proximity sensors to PLC inputs. Includes wire colors, diagrams and replacement tips.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mmlblog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12172"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12210,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12172\/revisions\/12210"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":12172,"date":"2026-09-07T02:59:37","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T02:59:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/?p=12172"},"modified":"2026-09-07T09:54:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T09:54:34","slug":"proximity-sensor-wiring-diagram","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/proximity-sensor-wiring-diagram\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i PNP, NPN, 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 4 d\u00e2y"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn: C\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i PNP, NPN, 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 4 d\u00e2y<\/title>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"bd-post\">\n<style>\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Manrope:wght@400;600;700&family=Roboto:wght@600;700&display=swap');\n\n.bd-post {\n --prose-width: 680px;\n --gap-attach: 16px;\n --gap-normal: 32px;\n --gap-section: 48px;\n --pad-compact: 16px;\n --pad-standard: 24px;\n --body-bg: #FFFFFF;\n --text-primary: #333333;\n --text-secondary: #6E6E6E;\n --heading-ink: #000000;\n --accent: #479DE2;\n --accent-deep: #2A76B4;\n --accent-hot: #FD9649;\n --accent-hot-deep: #B85C17;\n --navy: #0D3972;\n --inverse-bg: #1E1E1E;\n --inverse-text: #FFFFFF;\n --inv-secondary: #B3B3B3;\n --card-bg: #F4F8FC;\n --card-border: #E0E0E0;\n --divider-dark: #444444;\n --wire-brown: #6B4A2B;\n --wire-blue: #1F6FB2;\n --wire-black: #333333;\n --btn-white: #FFFFFF;\n --btn-ink: #1E1E1E;\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-size: 16px;\n font-weight: 400;\n line-height: 1.6;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n background: var(--body-bg);\n padding: 40px;\n max-width: 100%;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n.bd-post a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; 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}\n.bd-post .rich-table td {\n padding: 12px 14px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-right: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-table td:last-child { border-right: 0; }\n.bd-post .rich-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) td { background: var(--card-bg); }\n.bd-post .rich-table td:first-child { font-weight: 600; color: var(--text-primary); }\n\n\/* ===== RICH \u00b7 Card Checklist ===== *\/\n.bd-post .rich-checklist {\n background: var(--card-bg);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n margin: 0 0 1em;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-checklist .rich-title {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 18px;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n margin-bottom: 16px;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-checklist .rich-title-ico { display: inline-flex; color: var(--accent-deep); }\n.bd-post .rich-checklist ul { list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin: 0; }\n.bd-post .rich-checklist li {\n display: flex;\n gap: 10px;\n margin-bottom: 12px;\n font-size: 15px;\n line-height: 1.55;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-checklist li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n.bd-post .rich-checklist li .rich-item-ico { flex: 0 0 auto; display: flex; margin-top: 2px; color: var(--accent-deep); }\n\n\/* ===== RICH \u00b7 Callout MultiColumn ===== *\/\n.bd-post .rich-multicol {\n background: var(--card-bg);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n margin: 0 0 1em;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\n gap: 24px;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-col-head {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 16px;\n color: var(--navy);\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n.bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-col-head .rich-title-ico { display: inline-flex; color: var(--accent-deep); }\n.bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-col-item { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.55; margin-bottom: 10px; }\n.bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-col-item:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }\n.bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-col-item em { color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 14px; }\n\n\/* ===== CTA mid ===== *\/\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n gap: 12px;\n background: var(--card-bg);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid .bp-cta-mid-title {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 18px;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid .bp-cta-mid-ico { display: inline-flex; color: var(--accent-deep); }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid .bp-cta-mid-sub { color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 15px; }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn {\n display: inline-block;\n background: var(--navy);\n color: var(--btn-white);\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-size: 15px;\n font-weight: 600;\n text-decoration: none;\n padding: 12px 22px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n align-self: flex-start;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn:hover {\n background: var(--accent-hot);\n color: var(--btn-ink);\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\n\/* ===== CTA end (inverse) ===== *\/\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 16px;\n text-align: center;\n background: var(--inverse-bg);\n color: var(--inverse-text);\n border-radius: 8px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end .bp-cta-end-ico { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: -0.2em; margin-right: 8px; color: var(--accent); }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end .bp-cta-end-title {\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 22px;\n line-height: 1.3;\n color: var(--inverse-text);\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end .bp-cta-end-sub {\n color: var(--inv-secondary);\n font-size: 16px;\n max-width: 540px;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn {\n display: inline-block;\n background: var(--accent-hot);\n color: var(--btn-ink);\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-size: 16px;\n font-weight: 600;\n text-decoration: none;\n padding: 14px 28px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover {\n background: var(--btn-white);\n color: var(--navy);\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\n\/* SANCTIONED MOTION \u2014 gated, no loops, no geometry morphs *\/\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {\n .bd-post h2 {\n transition: color .2s ease-out, transform .2s ease-out;\n }\n .bd-post h2:hover {\n color: var(--accent-deep);\n transform: scale(1.02);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-wires, .bd-post .bp-cta-mid {\n transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-wires:hover, .bd-post .bp-cta-mid:hover {\n transform: translateY(-2px);\n box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn, .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn {\n transition: background-color .2s ease-out, color .2s ease-out, transform .2s ease-out;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn:hover, .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover {\n transform: translateY(-1px);\n }\n .bd-post .rich-table tbody tr td { transition: color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .rich-table tbody tr:hover td:first-child { color: var(--accent-deep); }\n .bd-post p a, .bd-post li a, .bd-post blockquote a, .bd-post td a {\n transition: color .2s ease-out, text-decoration-color .2s ease-out;\n }\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n .bd-post { padding: 16px; }\n .bd-post h2 { font-size: 26px; margin-top: 32px; }\n .bd-post h3 { font-size: 20px; margin-top: 24px; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-row { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-arrow { transform: rotate(90deg); }\n .bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }\n .bd-post .rich-multicol .rich-col:first-child {\n padding-bottom: 16px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n }\n}\n\n\/* ---- References (canonical .bd-refs) ---- *\/\n.bd-post .bd-refs { margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 1.6em; }\n.bd-post .bd-refs li { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--text-secondary, #6E6E6E); margin-bottom: 10px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }\n.bd-post .bd-refs li::marker { color: var(--accent-deep, #2A76B4); }\n.bd-post .bd-refs li a { color: var(--accent-deep, #2A76B4); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }\n.bd-post .bd-refs li a:hover { color: var(--heading-ink, #000000); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"bd-post-article\">\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u201cs\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch\u201d, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t trong hai th\u1ee9 sau \u0111\u00e2y: ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi toanh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u0169 m\u00e0 nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng n\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc: m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng ba d\u00e2y m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y (PNP, NPN, 2 d\u00e2y, 4 d\u00e2y, r\u01a1-le), c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng linh ki\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n dung v\u00e0 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n<h2>C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch: Ba d\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn DC, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd theo ba c\u00e1ch: ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 3 d\u00e2y, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in b\u1eb1ng ba m\u00e0u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bp-1-wires\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-row\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-wire\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-swatch bp-1-swatch--bn\">BN<\/span>\n <span><span class=\"bp-1-wire-name\">M\u00e0u n\u00e2u<\/span><br><span class=\"bp-1-wire-fn\">ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <span class=\"bp-1-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <div class=\"bp-1-wire\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-swatch bp-1-swatch--bu\">BU<\/span>\n <span><span class=\"bp-1-wire-name\">Xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><br><span class=\"bp-1-wire-fn\">ngu\u1ed3n \u00e2m \/ 0 V<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <span class=\"bp-1-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <div class=\"bp-1-wire\">\n <span class=\"bp-1-swatch bp-1-swatch--bk\">BK<\/span>\n <span><span class=\"bp-1-wire-name\">M\u00e0u \u0111en<\/span><br><span class=\"bp-1-wire-fn\">\u0111\u1ea7u ra chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/span><\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn DC 3 d\u00e2y c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ba \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 60947-5-2 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pepperl-fuchs.com\/en-us\/support\/knowledge-and-literature\/knowledge-bases-for-industrial-sensors\/knowledge-base-for-inductive-sensors\/sensor-versions\/connection-methods-gp28962\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Pepperl+Fuchs<\/a>):<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Brown (BN):<\/strong> ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/li>\n <li><strong>M\u00e0u xanh (BU):<\/strong> ngu\u1ed3n \u00e2m \/ 0 V<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0110en (BK):<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea7u ra chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>D\u00e2y n\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u00e2y xanh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n; ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 3 d\u00e2y m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p. D\u00e2y \u0111en m\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i qua t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC, cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y r\u01a1le ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc t\u01a1) tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i <em>ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean d\u00e2y n\u00e2u v\u00e0 xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2y \u0111en kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00f2n hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e3 m\u00e0u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 60947-5-2, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd: c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u0169, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn AC v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c. Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp nhau, h\u00e3y tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo). Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u201cs\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cs\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d, \u0111\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn (cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, t\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec7n dung ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 thu quang) n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong v\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"margin:32px 0; padding:20px; background:#EAF3FB; border:1px solid #D3D3D3; border-radius:12px;\">\n <p style=\"margin:0 0 12px; font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35; color:#0D3972;\">\n Xem: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch\n <\/p>\n\n <div style=\"position:relative; width:100%; aspect-ratio:16 \/ 9; overflow:hidden; border-radius:8px; background:#000;\">\n <iframe\n src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/fjaiyDClPRY?rel=0\"\n title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn\"\n loading=\"lazy\"\n style=\"position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; border:0;\"\n allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\"\n referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"\n allowfullscreen>\n <\/iframe>\n <\/div>\n\n <p style=\"margin:12px 0 0; font-size:14px; line-height:1.5; color:#6E6E6E;\">\n H\u00e3y xem c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh PNP ho\u1eb7c NPN.\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y: PNP\/NPN 3 d\u00e2y, 2 d\u00e2y, 4 d\u00e2y, r\u01a1le<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ba d\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong m\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e0u \u0111en s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n<h3>PNP v\u00e0 NPN 3 d\u00e2y (lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t)<\/h3>\n\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i DC 3 d\u00e2y, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i 3 d\u00e2y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n <li><strong>PNP<\/strong> (\u0111\u1ea7u ra \u201csourcing\u201d): khi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, d\u00e2y m\u00e0u \u0111en s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 <strong>t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 <em>ngu\u1ed3n<\/em> d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 0 V.<\/li>\n <li><strong>NPN<\/strong> (\u0111\u1ea7u ra \u201cgi\u1ea3m\u201d): khi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, d\u00e2y m\u00e0u \u0111en s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 <strong>ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 <em>b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda<\/em> d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c +24 V.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft gi\u00fap ghi nh\u1edb v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba: <strong>P<\/strong>NP = \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i <strong>P<\/strong>d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, <strong>N<\/strong>PN = \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i <strong>N<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng. M\u00e0u d\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau: n\u00e2u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (+), xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c \u00e2m (\u2212), \u0111en n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch PNP v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch NPN c\u1ea1nh nhau, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft: v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u xa c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn DC 3 d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201330 V DC (h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n), v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf (NO). T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng (NC), th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Proximity-Sensor-Wiring-Diagram-2.webp\" style=\"width: 512px; height: 384px; max-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 12px; margin: 30px auto; display: block; box-shadow: 10px 10px 60px 0px rgba(210, 221, 224, 0.35); transition: all 0.3s ease; cursor: pointer;\" onmouseover=\"this.style.transform='translateY(-5px) scale(1.03)'; this.style.boxShadow='15px 25px 80px 0px rgba(210, 221, 224, 0.45)'\" onmouseout=\"this.style.transform='translateY(0) scale(1)'; this.style.boxShadow='10px 10px 60px 0px rgba(210, 221, 224, 0.35)'\"> \n\n<h3>Lo\u1ea1i 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i AC<\/h3>\n\n<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn 2 d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ra ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y <strong>theo chu\u1ed7i<\/strong> v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i, gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc phao. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, qua t\u1ea3i, r\u1ed3i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00e0y. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n <li><strong>D\u00f2ng r\u00f2 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/strong> C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 2 d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc h\u1edf ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o; n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 khi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201ct\u1eaft\u201d. D\u00f2ng r\u00f2 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 1\u20132 mA (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n: h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt) <em>d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khi t\u1eaft<\/em>). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC ho\u1eb7c r\u01a1-le \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u kia c\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eaft, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u201ct\u1eaft\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eadt\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 2 d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n\u201d. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf x\u1ea3: m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf 10 k\u03a9 n\u1ed1i ngang \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn theo \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 0,5 W \u1edf 24 V) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 c\u00f3 n\u01a1i tho\u00e1t ra.<\/li>\n <li><strong>S\u1ee5t \u00e1p khi d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/strong> Khi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eadt\u201d, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd g\u00e2y s\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. T\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1eeb \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i 24 V \u1edf m\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t mong mu\u1ed1n. Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra xem t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c s\u1ee5t \u00e1p n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn DC 2 d\u00e2y r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh (vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y n\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u00e2y xanh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb; h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng). <strong>C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 2 d\u00e2y AC (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 110\u2013240 V AC) kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c.<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y theo c\u1ea3 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn AC c\u0169 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i AC tu\u00e2n theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng r\u00f2, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ki\u1ec3u triac, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i DC trong c\u00e1c t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u0110\u1ea7u ra 4 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra r\u01a1le<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n <li><strong>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 4 d\u00e2y<\/strong> d\u1eabn hai d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n <em>v\u00e0 hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ra<\/em>: th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng (ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra PNP v\u00e0 NPN b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. H\u00e3y n\u1ed1i c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n; \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng. N\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i 4 d\u00e2y khi m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u201cc\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft\u201d g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn PLC v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft\u201d g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1o.<\/li>\n <li><strong>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra r\u01a1le<\/strong> L\u1eafp m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1ch ly c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC), \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch ly n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra r\u01a1-le tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p (c\u1eeda, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"rich-table\">\n <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n <table>\n <caption>Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?<\/caption>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"col\">Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\">M\u1eabu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\">Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\">Ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u2026<\/th>\n <th scope=\"col\">H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td>PNP 3 d\u00e2y<\/td>\n <td>BN\u2192+, BU\u2192\u2212, BK\u2192\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o; \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 0 V<\/td>\n <td>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n (h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c PLC c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9)<\/td>\n <td>\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00eda \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/td>\n <td>Nh\u1eadp m\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4-\u0111un (lo\u1ea1i h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t); c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u PNP tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng t\u00ean<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>NPN 3 d\u00e2y<\/td>\n <td>BN\u2192+, BU\u2192\u2212, BK\u2192\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o; t\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 +24 V<\/td>\n <td>Ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho PLC (nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c1)<\/td>\n <td>\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o h\u00fat (sinking), y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t; hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\n <td>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1; c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u NPN tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng t\u00ean<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>DC 2 d\u00e2y<\/td>\n <td>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i \u2014 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/td>\n <td>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch khi d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n <td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u2192 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eadt\u201d sai\u201d<\/td>\n <td>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khi ng\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u 2 d\u00e2y<\/td>\n <td>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i, theo c\u1ea3 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/td>\n <td>M\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o AC, cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc t\u01a1<\/td>\n <td>Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 tri\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec5u<\/td>\n <td>D\u00f2ng t\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn; \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>4 d\u00e2y<\/td>\n <td>2 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ngu\u1ed3n + \u0111\u1ea7u ra NO v\u00e0 NC<\/td>\n <td>Hai m\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau<\/td>\n <td>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng trong khi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai bang \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n <td>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra n\u00e0o l\u00e0 NO\/NC v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\u0110\u1ea7u ra r\u01a1le<\/td>\n <td>Ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4 c\u00e1ch ly<\/td>\n <td>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o; t\u1ea3i AC ho\u1eb7c DC<\/td>\n <td>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a r\u01a1le<\/td>\n <td>T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch; t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 <em>s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp<\/em> s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0o. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y gi\u1eefa hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u2014 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n? H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o<\/h3>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3: PNP, NPN, DC 2 d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 model c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra 2 d\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n <li>C\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn: d\u00e2y n\u00e2u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi +24 V, d\u00e2y xanh n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 0 V, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n <li>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC). \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c +24 V v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0o d\u00e2y m\u00e0u \u0111en (d\u00e2y ra).<\/li>\n <li>\u0110\u01b0a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (m\u1ed9t con \u1ed1c th\u00e9p l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng) \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p khi v\u1eadt m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u1ea1i khi v\u1eadt m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 24 V khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 0 V khi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u00e2m khi \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <strong>NPN<\/strong> thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i (g\u1ea7n 0 V khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, g\u1ea7n 24 V khi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n), \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <strong>PNP<\/strong> thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng (h\u00e3y th\u00e1o r\u1ed3i l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh) ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfng. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea7u ra khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf (cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y r\u01a1le ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC).<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c d\u00e2y m\u00e0u n\u00e2u, xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111en, \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1o PNP\/NPN s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat th\u1eddi gian \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng thu h\u1ed3i v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 \u2014 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o: ngu\u1ed3n cung hay b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 PNP\/NPN tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n: <strong>Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ea7u ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (PNP ho\u1eb7c NPN), c\u00f2n nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PLC \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn (sourcing ho\u1eb7c sinking). Hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n <li>A <strong>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP<\/strong> <em>ngu\u1ed3n<\/em> d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y ra t\u1eeb d\u00e2y m\u00e0u \u0111en c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t <strong>ch\u00ecm<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o).<\/li>\n <li>M\u1ed9t <strong>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn NPN<\/strong> <em>b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda<\/em> d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t <strong>t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng<\/strong> nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u201cNgu\u1ed3n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ec3 thu\u201d lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cc\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 thu\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 thu\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau. Khi b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00f2ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u ra PNP ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea3y <em>v\u00e0o<\/em> t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb. D\u00f9 th\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9<\/strong> H\u00e3y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3u sinking. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Siemens S7-1200\/S7-1500 v\u00e0 Rockwell ControlLogix\/CompactLogix \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3u sinking Lo\u1ea1i 1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP 3 d\u00e2y (H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Siemens SiePortal \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o Lo\u1ea1i 1 tr\u00ean S7-1200: <a href=\"https:\/\/sieportal.siemens.com\/en-ww\/support\/forum\/posts\/digital-io-connection-to-s7-1214c\/221580\">tham kh\u1ea3o di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n<\/a>; M\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o 1756-IB16 c\u1ee7a Rockwell \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP-sourcing theo th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt 1756-TD002: <a href=\"https:\/\/literature.rockwellautomation.com\/idc\/groups\/literature\/documents\/td\/1756-td002_-en-e.pdf\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Rockwell<\/a>).<\/li>\n <li><strong>Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/strong> Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn NPN c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Mitsubishi v\u00e0 Omron th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u00edt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u01b0u \u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn NPN: \u0111\u1ea7u ra NPN \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eadt\u201d khi b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu d\u00e2y t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t <em>tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7<\/em>. Trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cb\u1eadt\u201d sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m (c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00f3a an to\u00e0n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u1eebng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p), n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra PNP ho\u1eb7c r\u01a1le. Khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu d\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch, m\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201ct\u1eaft\u201d, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bp-2-pairing\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-title\">\n <span class=\"bp-2-title-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M8 3 4 7l4 4\"\/><path d=\"M4 7h16\"\/><path d=\"m16 21 4-4-4-4\"\/><path d=\"M20 17H4\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo hai \u0111\u1ea7u\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-row\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-side\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-name\">C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-desc\">Ngu\u1ed3n ra cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua d\u00e2y m\u00e0u \u0111en (+V khi b\u1eadt)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <span class=\"bp-2-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <div class=\"bp-2-side bp-2-side--right\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-name\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u00ecm<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-desc\">d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-row\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-side\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-name\">C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn NPN<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-desc\">\u0111\u1ea7u ra h\u00fat d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u1ea3i (0 V khi b\u1eadt)<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <span class=\"bp-2-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <div class=\"bp-2-side bp-2-side--right\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-name\">Thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-desc\">d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-note\">Ch\u1ecdn c\u1eb7p m\u00e0 th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u2014 ph\u00eda c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 PNP ho\u1eb7c NPN, ph\u00eda th\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sourcing ho\u1eb7c sinking.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3 \u2014 B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 mua nh\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n<\/h3>\n\n<p>Ai c\u0169ng t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp: c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t mua lo\u1ea1i PNP cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ecm, hay m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn NPN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb kho \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n. C\u00f3 ba c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n <li><strong>R\u01a1le giao di\u1ec7n (gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i).<\/strong> T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t r\u01a1le nh\u1ecf; ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a r\u01a1le n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra PNP k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng hay \u0111\u1ea7u ra NPN k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n \u00e2m, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n tru theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Chi ph\u00ed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u01a1le v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c logic v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec n\u1eafm b\u1eaft sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf k\u00e9o l\u00ean\/k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng (gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/strong> C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn NPN k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf k\u00e9o l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn +24 V; c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 0 V. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 10 k\u03a9 (0,5 W \u1edf 24 V). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed: \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ra theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau t\u00e1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Thay th\u1ebf m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/strong> S\u1ebd r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng <em>kh\u00f4ng<\/em> C\u00f3 g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i miliampe. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c khi kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed1c kh\u00f3i. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng trong khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y sai kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0110ang thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn? B\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u0169 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng linh ki\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u <em>\u0111\u00e3 mua<\/em>. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"rich-checklist\">\n <p class=\"rich-title\"><span class=\"rich-title-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"m3 17 2 2 4-4\"\/><path d=\"m3 7 2 2 4-4\"\/><path d=\"M13 6h8\"\/><path d=\"M13 12h8\"\/><path d=\"M13 18h8\"\/><\/svg><\/span>B\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n <ul>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>1. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong> PNP, NPN, 2 d\u00e2y hay r\u01a1le \u2014 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn #1 \u201c\u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>2. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong> NO ho\u1eb7c NC \u2014 NO d\u00f9ng cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n\/\u0111\u1ebfm, NC d\u00f9ng cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1eebng (khi NC b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i do \u0111\u1ee9t d\u00e2y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/span><\/li>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>3. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 AC\/DC:<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 10\u201330 V DC, ho\u1eb7c 110\u2013240 V AC \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u c\u0169<\/span><\/li>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>4. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y:<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i 2, 3 ho\u1eb7c 4 d\u00e2y, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i (M8\/M12) \u2014 h\u00e3y \u0111o chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/span><\/li>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>5. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t:<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1p 8 mm c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn so v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn \u2014 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1p c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eabn c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span><\/li>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>6. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<\/strong> Th\u00e9p so v\u1edbi nh\u00f4m\/\u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u2014 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/li>\n <li><span class=\"rich-item-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span><strong>7. Ki\u1ec3m tra logic \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong> th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u00ec (sinking\/sourcing) \u2014 h\u00e3y ghi c\u1ea3 c\u1eb7p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ph\u00eda c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/span><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi m\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o n\u00fat \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. Hai l\u01b0u \u00fd. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, NC kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1eebng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1edf (fail-open) khi d\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng an to\u00e0n, do \u0111\u00f3 NC ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n NO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 3 d\u00e2y (ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i), c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 2 d\u00e2y sang 3 d\u00e2y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i d\u00e2y \u1edf c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n<p>Khi linh ki\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh ba ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n r\u1ed3i so s\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eadt ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u ra sang m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft: li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng? Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn xem \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i hay kh\u00f4ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 2 d\u00e2y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u0169 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb \u201ck\u1eb9t \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eadt\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bp-cta-mid\">\n <div class=\"bp-cta-mid-title\">\n <span class=\"bp-cta-mid-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"m22 2-7 20-4-9-9-4Z\"\/><path d=\"M22 2 11 13\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i PNP hay NPN?\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-cta-mid-sub\">H\u00e3y g\u1eedi cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169 \u2014 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/div>\n <a class=\"bp-cta-mid-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf: B\u1ed5 sung h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho theo lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, kh\u00f4ng theo th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. <strong>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u.<\/strong> Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y trong x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m logo c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y g\u1ed1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Khi nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u201clo\u1ea1i\u201d l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n<h3>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n logic qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho h\u00e0ng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 b\u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u X kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, xin gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p\u201d. B\u00e1o gi\u00e1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0o trong hai lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n sang nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3. Danh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u201cghi r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng thay th\u1ebf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng tu\u00e2n theo logic t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia theo khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ho\u1eb7c B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i PNP v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ecm. H\u00e3y d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef lo\u1ea1i PNP 3 d\u00e2y l\u00e0m d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb DC 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra r\u01a1le d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u0169 h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (Mitsubishi, Omron v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch kh\u00e1c), ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i NPN v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m NPN l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y 2 d\u00e2y AC ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"rich-multicol\">\n <div class=\"rich-grid\">\n <div class=\"rich-col\">\n <div class=\"rich-col-head\">\n <span class=\"rich-title-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><path d=\"M12 2a14.5 14.5 0 0 0 0 20 14.5 14.5 0 0 0 0-20\"\/><path d=\"M2 12h20\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \/ B\u1eafc M\u1ef9\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col-item\">\u0110\u1ea7u ra PNP 3 d\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3u h\u00fat d\u00f2ng (d\u00f2ng Siemens S7, d\u00f2ng Rockwell 1756\/1769)<\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col-item\">\u0110\u1eb7t PNP l\u00e0m t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh; gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn DC 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra r\u01a1-le cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u0169<\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col-item\"><em>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: PNP + NO\/NC + 10\u201330 V DC + s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y + kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/em><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col\">\n <div class=\"rich-col-head\">\n <span class=\"rich-title-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M12 2v2\"\/><path d=\"M12 20v2\"\/><path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"m17.66 17.66 1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M2 12h2\"\/><path d=\"M20 12h2\"\/><path d=\"m6.34 17.66-1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \/ Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col-item\">\u0110\u1ea7u ra 3 d\u00e2y NPN, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng (c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Mitsubishi, Omron)<\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col-item\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NPN l\u00e0m d\u00f2ng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh; gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 DC 2 d\u00e2y cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u0169<\/div>\n <div class=\"rich-col-item\"><em>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: NPN + NO\/NC + 10\u201330 V DC + s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y + kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/em><\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>T\u1ed3n kho theo khu v\u1ef1c \u2014 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5. Logic d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh doanh quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo l\u00f4 nh\u1ecf: nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t container. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cung \u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n to\u00e0n d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p mua c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng k\u00ea v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1ea1n. V\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u \u201ch\u00e3y cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n g\u00ec, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p\u201d, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t trang danh m\u1ee5c. Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bp-cta-end\">\n <div class=\"bp-cta-end-title\"><span class=\"bp-cta-end-ico\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect width=\"20\" height=\"16\" x=\"2\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"m22 7-8.97 5.7a1.94 1.94 0 0 1-2.06 0L2 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>G\u1eedi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-cta-end-sub\">H\u00e3y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ra, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u2014 ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169 \u2014 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/div>\n <a class=\"bp-cta-end-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">Trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p><em>N\u1ebfu ngay l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n \u0111ang nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. OMCH s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn thay th\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 model, t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb m\u1eabu th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2014 h\u00e3y g\u1eedi cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y m\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec3m (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/product-selection\/\">g\u1eedi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y<\/a>).<\/em><\/p>\n\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"bd-refs\">\n <li>Pepperl+Fuchs. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pepperl-fuchs.com\/en-us\/support\/knowledge-and-literature\/knowledge-bases-for-industrial-sensors\/knowledge-base-for-inductive-sensors\/sensor-versions\/connection-methods-gp28962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u2014 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a>.\u201d C\u01a1 s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c: M\u00e0u s\u1eafc d\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u00e2n c\u1eafm theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 60947-5-2.<\/li>\n <li>Rockwell Automation. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/literature.rockwellautomation.com\/idc\/groups\/literature\/documents\/td\/1756-td002_-en-e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un I\/O ControlLogix 1756 \u2014 D\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (1756-TD002)<\/a>.\u201d T\u1ec7p PDF: C\u00e1ch l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn PNP (lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n).<\/li>\n <li>Siemens. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/sieportal.siemens.com\/en-ww\/support\/forum\/posts\/digital-io-connection-to-s7-1214c\/221580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i IO k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi S7-1214C<\/a>.\u201d Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 SiePortal: \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i 1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn 3 d\u00e2y.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/product-selection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/a>.\u201d T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm theo th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u\/m\u1eabu m\u00e3, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/sensor-switches\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/a>.\u201d C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/a>.\u201d<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trang ch\u1ee7<\/a>.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn: C\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i PNP, NPN, 2 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 4 d\u00e2y N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u201cs\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn\u201d, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t trong hai th\u1ee9 sau: ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u0169 m\u00e0 nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12170,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Proximity Sensor Wiring Diagram: PNP, NPN & 2-Wire","_seopress_titles_desc":"Learn how to wire PNP, NPN, 2-wire, 4-wire and relay-output proximity sensors to PLC inputs. Includes wire colors, diagrams and replacement tips.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mmlblog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12172"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12210,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12172\/revisions\/12210"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}