B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y<\/title>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"bd-post\">\n <style>\n @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Manrope:wght@400;600;700&family=Roboto:wght@600;700&display=swap');\n\n .bd-post {\n --prose-width: 720px;\n --gap-attach: 16px;\n --gap-normal: 32px;\n --gap-section: 48px;\n --pad-compact: 16px;\n --pad-standard: 24px;\n\n \/* Palette \u2014 OMCH brand, per design-plan.md *\/\n --body-bg: #FFFFFF;\n --text-primary: #333333;\n --text-secondary: #6E6E6E;\n --heading-ink: #000000;\n --accent: #479DE2;\n --accent-text: #1A6DB5;\n --accent-hot: #FD9649;\n --inverse-bg: #1E1E1E;\n --inverse-text: #FFFFFF;\n --inverse-text-secondary: #B0B0B0;\n --card-fill: #F4F8FC;\n --card-border: #E0E0E0;\n --panel-fill: #FAFAFA;\n --btn-white: #FFFFFF;\n --btn-ink: #1E1E1E;\n --divider: #C0C0C0;\n\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-size: 16px;\n font-weight: 400;\n line-height: 1.6;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n background: var(--body-bg);\n padding: 40px;\n max-width: 100%;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n }\n\n .bd-post a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; word-break: break-word; }\n .bd-post p a, .bd-post li a, .bd-post blockquote a, .bd-post td a {\n color: var(--accent-text);\n text-decoration: underline;\n text-decoration-color: var(--accent);\n text-underline-offset: 2px;\n }\n .bd-post p, .bd-post li { overflow-wrap: break-word; }\n\n .bd-post .bd-post-article {\n max-width: var(--prose-width);\n margin: 0 auto;\n }\n\n \/* Prose spacing *\/\n .bd-post h1 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.2; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 0 0 16px; }\n .bd-post h2 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.2; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 48px 0 16px; }\n .bd-post h3 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.25; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 32px 0 12px; }\n .bd-post p { margin: 0 0 1em; }\n .bd-post ul, .bd-post ol { margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 1.5em; }\n .bd-post li { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }\n .bd-post strong { font-weight: 700; color: var(--heading-ink); }\n .bd-post blockquote {\n border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);\n background: var(--body-bg);\n padding: 16px 20px;\n margin: 24px 0;\n font-style: italic;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n }\n .bd-post blockquote p { margin: 0; }\n .bd-post code {\n background: var(--panel-fill);\n font-family: \"SF Mono\", \"Fira Code\", monospace;\n padding: 2px 6px;\n border-radius: 4px;\n font-size: 0.9em;\n }\n .bd-post .table-wrapper {\n overflow-x: auto;\n border-radius: 8px;\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n margin: 24px 0;\n }\n .bd-post table {\n width: 100%;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n font-size: 15px;\n }\n .bd-post th {\n background: var(--panel-fill);\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n text-align: left;\n padding: 12px 16px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--divider);\n }\n .bd-post td {\n padding: 12px 16px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--divider);\n color: var(--text-primary);\n }\n .bd-post tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }\n\n \/* Selector hygiene *\/\n .bd-post [class*=\"bp-\"] { box-sizing: border-box; }\n .bd-post [class*=\"rich-\"] { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n \/* BP outer margins \u2014 specific classes only *\/\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-1-flow { margin: var(--gap-normal) 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-2-card { margin: var(--gap-attach) 0 var(--gap-normal); }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-3-grid { margin: var(--gap-normal) 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-4-card { margin: var(--gap-normal) 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-cta-end { margin: var(--gap-section) 0 0; }\n\n \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 BP-1: 4-Stage Process Flow \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n .bd-post .bp-1-flow {\n background: var(--card-fill);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 10px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n display: flex;\n align-items: flex-start;\n gap: 0;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-step {\n flex: 1;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n align-items: center;\n text-align: center;\n gap: 10px;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-num {\n width: 40px; height: 40px;\n border-radius: 50%;\n background: var(--accent-text);\n color: var(--inverse-text);\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 18px;\n line-height: 40px;\n text-align: center;\n flex-shrink: 0;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-label {\n font-size: 14px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n line-height: 1.4;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-arrow {\n flex: 0 0 auto;\n width: 24px;\n height: 40px;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n color: var(--accent);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-arrow svg { width: 20px; height: 20px; }\n\n \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 BP-2: Formula Highlight (solid-fill Inverse) \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n .bd-post .bp-2-card {\n background: var(--inverse-bg);\n border-radius: 10px;\n padding: var(--pad-compact) var(--pad-standard);\n position: relative;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-2-icon {\n position: absolute;\n top: 16px; left: 16px;\n color: var(--accent-hot);\n width: 20px; height: 20px;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-2-formula {\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 28px;\n color: var(--accent-hot);\n text-align: center;\n margin: 8px 0 8px;\n line-height: 1.3;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-2-subtitle {\n font-size: 14px;\n color: var(--inverse-text-secondary);\n text-align: center;\n margin: 0;\n }\n\n \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 BP-3: Comparison Card \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n .bd-post .bp-3-grid {\n background: var(--card-fill);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 10px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-3-grid h4 {\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 17px;\n color: var(--heading-ink);\n margin: 0 0 16px;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-3-grid h4 svg { width: 20px; height: 20px; color: var(--accent-text); flex-shrink: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-table th {\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 15px;\n padding: 0 0 12px;\n text-align: left;\n color: var(--heading-ink);\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--divider);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-3-table th:first-child { width: 30%; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-table th:nth-child(2) { width: 35%; color: var(--accent-text); }\n .bd-post .bp-3-table th:nth-child(3) { width: 35%; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-table td {\n padding: 14px 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--divider);\n vertical-align: top;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-3-table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-dim {\n font-size: 14px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-3-dim-sub {\n font-size: 12px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n font-weight: 400;\n margin-top: 2px;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-3-val {\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 20px;\n line-height: 1.3;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-3-val.win { color: var(--accent-text); }\n .bd-post .bp-3-val.lose { color: var(--text-primary); }\n .bd-post .bp-3-note {\n font-size: 12px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n font-weight: 400;\n margin-top: 2px;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-3-badge {\n display: inline-block;\n font-size: 12px;\n font-weight: 600;\n padding: 2px 8px;\n border-radius: 4px;\n margin-top: 4px;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-3-badge.best { background: var(--card-fill); color: var(--accent-text); }\n .bd-post .bp-3-badge.worst { background: var(--panel-fill); color: var(--text-secondary); }\n .bd-post .bp-3-unit { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; }\n\n \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 BP-4: Decision Framework \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n .bd-post .bp-4-card {\n background: var(--card-fill);\n border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n border-radius: 10px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-4-head {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 10px;\n margin-bottom: 16px;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-4-head svg { width: 22px; height: 22px; color: var(--accent-text); flex-shrink: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-4-head span { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 17px; color: var(--heading-ink); }\n .bd-post .bp-4-items { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 14px; }\n .bd-post .bp-4-item { display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: flex-start; }\n .bd-post .bp-4-num {\n width: 28px; height: 28px;\n border-radius: 50%;\n background: var(--body-bg);\n border: 2px solid var(--accent);\n color: var(--accent-text);\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 14px;\n line-height: 24px;\n text-align: center;\n flex-shrink: 0;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-4-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 2px; }\n .bd-post .bp-4-q { font-weight: 600; font-size: 16px; color: var(--heading-ink); }\n .bd-post .bp-4-a { font-size: 14px; color: var(--text-secondary); line-height: 1.5; }\n\n \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 BP-cta-end: End CTA \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end {\n background: var(--accent);\n border-radius: 10px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n align-items: center;\n text-align: center;\n gap: 12px;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-icon { color: var(--btn-white); width: 28px; height: 28px; flex-shrink: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-title { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 24px; color: var(--btn-white); line-height: 1.2; margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-subtitle { font-size: 16px; color: var(--btn-white); margin: 0; max-width: 480px; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn {\n display: inline-flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n padding: 12px 32px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 16px;\n text-decoration: none;\n background: var(--btn-white);\n color: var(--accent-text);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; flex-shrink: 0; }\n\n \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 Motion \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n @media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {\n @supports (animation-timeline: view()) {\n .bd-post .bd-reveal { animation: bd-fade-in linear both; animation-timeline: view(); animation-range: entry 0% entry 35%; }\n @keyframes bd-fade-in { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } }\n }\n .bd-post h2 { transition: color .2s ease-out, transform .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post h2:hover { color: var(--accent-text); transform: scale(1.01); }\n .bd-post .bp-1-num { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-num:hover { transform: scale(1.1); box-shadow: 0 0 12px rgba(26,109,181,0.3); }\n .bd-post .bp-2-card { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-2-card:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.15); }\n .bd-post .bp-3-grid { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-grid:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); }\n .bd-post .bp-4-card { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-4-card:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); }\n .bd-post .bp-4-num { transition: color .2s ease-out, border-color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-4-item:hover .bp-4-num { color: var(--accent-hot); border-color: var(--accent-hot); }\n .bd-post p a, .bd-post li a, .bd-post blockquote a, .bd-post td a { transition: color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post p a:hover, .bd-post li a:hover, .bd-post blockquote a:hover, .bd-post td a:hover { color: var(--accent-hot); }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn {\n transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover {\n transform: translateY(-2px);\n box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(26,109,181,0.35);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover svg { transform: rotate(15deg); transition: transform .2s ease-out; }\n }\n\n \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 Mobile (\u2264768px) \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n @media (max-width: 768px) {\n .bd-post { padding: 16px; }\n .bd-post h1 { font-size: 22px; }\n .bd-post h2 { font-size: 26px; margin-top: 32px; }\n .bd-post h3 { font-size: 20px; margin-top: 24px; }\n\n \/* BP-1: vertical stack *\/\n .bd-post .bp-1-flow { flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: 12px; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-step { flex-direction: row; text-align: left; gap: 12px; align-items: center; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-arrow { width: 100%; height: 24px; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-arrow svg { transform: rotate(90deg); }\n\n \/* BP-2 *\/\n .bd-post .bp-2-formula { font-size: 24px; }\n\n \/* BP-3: responsive table *\/\n .bd-post .bp-3-table th { font-size: 14px; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-table td { padding: 12px 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-val { font-size: 17px; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-dim-sub { display: none; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-note { font-size: 12px; }\n\n \/* BP-cta *\/\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-title { font-size: 20px; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn { padding: 10px 24px; font-size: 15px; }\n }\n <\/style>\n\n <article class=\"bd-post-article\">\n\n <h1><\/h1>\n\n <h2>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n <p>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u00edt nhi\u1ec5u, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p h\u1ea1 \u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u2014 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n <p>H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9: n\u00f3 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 40% \u0111\u1ebfn 60% \u2014 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t thay v\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra h\u1eefu \u00edch (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.acopian.com\/linear-power-supply-vs-switching-power-supply-vs-unregulated-power-supply.html\">Acopian<\/a>). \u0110\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u1ea5p t\u1edbi 0,25 mV RMS \u2014 \u00edt nhi\u1ec5u h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ch\u00fang n\u1eb7ng, t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ph\u00f2ng thu \u00e2m, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n <h2>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n <p>M\u1ecdi b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1 \u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u th\u00f4, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh tinh ch\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n <h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u2014 Bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p: Gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u00f5i s\u1eaft c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 110V ho\u1eb7c 220V t\u1eeb \u1ed5 c\u1eafm tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 \u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xoay chi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 12V \u0111\u1ebfn 24V AC \u1edf ph\u00eda th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n <p>B\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2014 50 ho\u1eb7c 60 Hz \u2014 v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u00f5i s\u1eaft l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ri\u00eang b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh 100 watt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb 1,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,5 kilogram.<\/p>\n\n <p>H\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, n\u01a1i cu\u1ed9n bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 50 kHz tr\u1edf l\u00ean: l\u00f5i cu\u1ed9n bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n khi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh \u2014 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n <h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 v\u00e0 3 \u2014 Ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc: T\u1eeb d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) sang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u th\u00f4 (DC)<\/h3>\n\n <p>Sau khi m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u c\u1ea7u \u2014 g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo h\u00ecnh thoi \u2014 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eeda chu k\u1ef3 \u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 AC, bi\u1ebfn s\u00f3ng sin xoay chi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh d\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u dao \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u1eabn dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec9nh 100 ho\u1eb7c 120 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y (g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai n\u1eeda chu k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng). \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn dao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u1edbn \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn microfarad, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 4.700 \u00b5F ho\u1eb7c 10.000 \u00b5F \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ed1i song song v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u. T\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef n\u00e0y s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec9nh trong m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec9nh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 v\u00e0o t\u1ea3i trong kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh, l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy h\u1eefu \u00edch: t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede ph\u00eda th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc theo t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3t. \u1ede ph\u00eda h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n, t\u1ea3i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. H\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n <h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4 \u2014 \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p: Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u2014 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u2014 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ct\u1eaft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u201d, b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eadt m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n\u201d, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n <p>M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y so s\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb \u00b12% \u0111\u1ebfn \u00b15%) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn: n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 cao, b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh n\u00f3; n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o hay d\u00f2ng t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n <blockquote><p><strong>P_dissipated = (V_in \u2212 V_out) \u00d7 I_load<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n <p>H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 18V \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, cung c\u1ea5p 12V v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 2A cho t\u1ea3i. S\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 6V, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 2A ch\u1ea1y qua, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra 12 watt nhi\u1ec7t \u2014 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3n \u0111i b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 LM317 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng 78xx c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (7805 cho 5V, 7812 cho 12V) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chip ba ch\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c\u201d trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u2014 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-1-flow bd-reveal\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-step\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-num\">1<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-label\">Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<br>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-step\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-num\">2<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-label\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda + L\u1ecdc<br>AC <svg style=\"width:12px;height:12px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;color:var(--accent)\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg> DC th\u00f4<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-step\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-num\">3<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-label\">B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<br>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-step\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-num\">4<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-label\">\u0110\u1ea7u ra DC s\u1ea1ch<br><1 mV dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Gemini_Generated_Image_55gp9855gp9855gp.webp\" alt=\"M\u00f4 t\u1ea3\" class=\"bd-post-image\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\n <p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, h\u1eb3n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe qua cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn: tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh hay chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch? B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u2014 v\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1eebng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n <table>\n <thead><tr><th>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/th><th>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/th><th>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/td><td>T\u1eeb b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t ngh\u00ecn, ba tr\u0103m ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ba<\/td><td>70\u201390%+<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (RMS)<\/td><td>0,25\u20131,5 mV<\/td><td>10\u201325 mV<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td><td>L\u1edbn, n\u1eb7ng<\/td><td>Nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, nh\u1eb9<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch<\/td><td>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td><td>Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>Nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \/ Nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn<\/td><td>R\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p<\/td><td>Cao \u2014 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u1edbp che ch\u1eafn<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi<\/td><td>50\u2013100 \u00b5s<\/td><td>~300 \u00b5s<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i<\/td><td>0,005\u20130,21 TP3T<\/td><td>0,05\u20130,51 TP3T<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <p style=\"font-size:13px;color:var(--text-secondary);margin-top:4px;\"><em>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acopian.com\/linear-power-supply-vs-switching-power-supply-vs-unregulated-power-supply.html\">So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n Acopian<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n <h3>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u2014 S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n\n <p>S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tinh ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u2014 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n <p>Trong m\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp lu\u00f4n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, lu\u00f4n g\u00e2y s\u1ee5t \u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n ti\u00eau t\u00e1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i watt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t. Khi ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u1edbn, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh: \u0111\u1ea7u ra 5V t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o 18V s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed h\u01a1n 70% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n <p>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Transistor c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 MOSFET \u2014 ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: m\u1edf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p qua n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng) ho\u1eb7c t\u1eaft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng). Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2014 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau t\u00e1n \u2014 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, v\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb 50 kHz \u0111\u1ebfn 1 MHz, c\u00e1c MOSFET hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf khi m\u1edf \u1edf m\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 milliohm gi\u00fap gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t n\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch 100W c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 watt d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t, trong khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed 50 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 watt.<\/p>\n\n <p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda h\u1eefu \u00edch: ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1p ch\u00e2n phanh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u2014 ma s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf nh\u1ea5n phanh nhanh ch\u00f3ng 100.000 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y \u2014 l\u1ef1c phanh trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-2-card bd-reveal\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polygon points=\"13 2 3 14 12 14 11 22 21 10 12 10 13 2\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-formula\">P = (V<sub>trong<\/sub> \u2212 V<sub>ra<\/sub>) \u00d7 I<sub>t\u1ea3i<\/sub><\/div>\n <p class=\"bp-2-subtitle\">M\u1ed7i watt s\u1ee5t \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u \u2014 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2014 T\u1ea1i sao ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n\n <p>N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n <p>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra dao \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u \u2014 100 Hz ho\u1eb7c 120 Hz \u2014 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 l\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0: nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 mV RMS.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec5u b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh s\u1eafc n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch. M\u1ed9t MOSFET b\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eaft trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c nano gi\u00e2y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c megahertz. Nhi\u1ec5u n\u00e0y lan truy\u1ec1n qua d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n (d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ra) v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (qua kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00e2m thanh<\/strong>: Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch 50 mV tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i, sau khi qua m\u1ee9c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i 40 dB, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng r\u00e8 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng vo ve c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y \u1edf m\u1ee9c 5 V t\u1ea1i loa. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thu \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u2014 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng v\u1eady.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1-s\u1ed1 (ADC) 16-bit ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tham chi\u1ebfu 2,5V c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn 38 microvolt tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i bit. \u0110\u1ed9 g\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng (jitter) \u1edf c\u00e1c bit \u00edt c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t \u2014 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n <li><strong>M\u1ea1ch RF<\/strong>: B\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n th\u1ea5p (LNA) c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 thu s\u1ebd khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u2014 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c h\u00e0i s\u00f3ng do chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng y\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h3>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u2014 Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/h3>\n\n <p>B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh 100W \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u00e0n tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111e nh\u1ecf \u2014 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u00f5i s\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3n \u0111i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c watt nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 100W d\u00e0nh cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n trong l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed. \u1ede m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 50 watt, b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh. \u1ede m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean 100 watt, b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1eaft trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u0103ng nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a silicon v\u00e0 ferit trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c watt, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-3-grid bd-reveal\">\n <h4>\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m5 12 4 4 5-5 5 5\"\/><path d=\"M19 3v4h-4\"\/><\/svg>\n T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i\n <\/h4>\n <table class=\"bp-3-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr><th><\/th><th>Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/th><th>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/th><\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-dim\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-dim-sub\">c\u00e0ng cao c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val lose\">40\u201360<span class=\"bp-3-unit\">%<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bp-3-badge worst\">Th\u1ea5p<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val win\">80\u201395<span class=\"bp-3-unit\">%<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bp-3-badge best\">T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/div><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-dim\">Ripple<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-dim-sub\">c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val win\"><1 <span class=\"bp-3-unit\">mV<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bp-3-badge best\">T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val lose\">10\u201325 <span class=\"bp-3-unit\">mV<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bp-3-badge worst\">Cao h\u01a1n<\/div><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-dim\">Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-dim-sub\">c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val lose\">N\u1eb7ng<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-note\">1,5\u20132,5 kg (100 W)<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val win\">\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-note\">Nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 mang theo<\/div><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-dim\">Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n EMI<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-dim-sub\">c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val win\">R\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-badge best\">T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val lose\">Cao<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-note\">C\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1eafn<\/div><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh?<\/h2>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201ctuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh so v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u2014 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng \u1ed3n \u00e0o xung quanh:<\/p>\n\n <ol>\n <li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i analog-s\u1ed1 (ADC) ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1ed9 thu t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn (RF) nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ee3n c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 xa x\u1ec9 \u2014 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi l\u1ecdc ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n <li><strong>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> N\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp v\u1eeba trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n mang theo \u2014 nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra di \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00fang t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2014 th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n <li><strong>M\u1ee9c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong> D\u01b0\u1edbi 50W, c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tr\u00ean 500W, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2014 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 50W \u0111\u1ebfn 500W, \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n <p>H\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Ph\u00f2ng thu \u00e2m \/ H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e2m thanh cao c\u1ea5p<\/strong>: T\u00ednh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n c\u00e3i. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u2014 b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i micro, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 sang analog (DAC), b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i tai nghe \u2014 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>: T\u00ednh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch 2 mV m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do nhi\u1ec5u t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n <li><strong>T\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray DIN)<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u2014 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u2014 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ti\u1ec1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n y t\u1ebf<\/strong>: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (ECG, EEG, \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 oxy trong m\u00e1u) th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh; c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n <li><strong>L\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \/ IoT<\/strong>: M\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p th\u1ea5p (LDO), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u00eda sau b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p ki\u1ec3u chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c v\u00e0i miliv\u00f4n n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn analog c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lai. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ee3n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Tektronix \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0n cao c\u1ea5p ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0 Analog Devices \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc sau ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ADC 16-bit t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay \u2014 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 35% (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.analog.com\/jp\/resources\/technical-articles\/powering-high-speed-analog-to-digital-converters-with-switching-power-supplies.html\">Analog Devices<\/a>). Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u201cm\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh so v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch\u201d ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang \u201cm\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-4-card bd-reveal\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-head\">\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"6\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\"\/><\/svg>\n <span>Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-items\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-item\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-num\">1<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-text\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-q\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n?<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-a\">\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady <svg style=\"width:14px;height:14px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;color:var(--accent-text)\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg> Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec5u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-item\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-num\">2<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-text\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-q\">C\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc hay tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-a\">\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady <svg style=\"width:14px;height:14px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;color:var(--accent)\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg> Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-item\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-num\">3<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-text\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-q\">C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 500W?<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-a\">\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady <svg style=\"width:14px;height:14px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;color:var(--accent)\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg> Chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi 50W, c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u2014 h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n l\u00e0m ti\u00eau ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n <p>N\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>1. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi d\u00f2ng t\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i). C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,01% tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i volt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,1%. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u2014 h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng mV RMS, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mV \u0111\u1ec9nh-\u0111\u1ec9nh \u2014 ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 mV RMS \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m: ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i 10% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 l\u1ea7n khi \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>2. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/strong> B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng (OCP), b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 \u00e1p (OVP) v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n do qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u2014 v\u00e0 s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n g\u00ec th\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>3. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia c\u00f4ng.<\/strong> H\u00e3y m\u1edf v\u1ecf m\u00e1y n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u2014 c\u00e1c l\u00e1 th\u00e9p silic x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau cho th\u1ea5y l\u00f5i bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n; m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn rung l\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng \u00f9. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 l\u1ecdc \u2014 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Nichicon, Rubycon, Panasonic) lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t \u2014 li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i hay tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t? \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>4. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn.<\/strong> D\u1ea5u CE, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn UL v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 RoHS l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u2014 nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 IEC 62368-1 (thay th\u1ebf cho ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u0169 IEC 60950) v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 EMC theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 55032 Lo\u1ea1i B cho th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>5. Uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/strong> B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u2014 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau, cam k\u1ebft b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p am hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o h\u1ecd t\u00ecnh c\u1edd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n <h2>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n <p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, th\u00ec h\u00e3y nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i \u2014 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. B\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00f2ng ra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai s\u00f3t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh: n\u1ebfu m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hay k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec m\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec m\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u2014 ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau \u2014 th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n <p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u2014 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-cta-end bd-reveal\">\n <div class=\"bp-cta-end-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect width=\"20\" height=\"16\" x=\"2\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"m22 7-8.97 5.7a1.94 1.94 0 0 1-2.06 0L2 7\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n <p class=\"bp-cta-end-title\">B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p?<\/p>\n <p class=\"bp-cta-end-subtitle\">D\u00f9 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh hay lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n <a class=\"bp-cta-end-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">\n Trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n <ol>\n <li>Acopian. \u201cSo s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n: Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh so v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch so v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acopian.com\/linear-power-supply-vs-switching-power-supply-vs-unregulated-power-supply.html\">https:\/\/www.acopian.com\/linear-power-supply-vs-switching-power-supply-vs-unregulated-power-supply.html<\/a><\/li>\n <li>Analog Devices. \u201cCung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1-s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.analog.com\/jp\/resources\/technical-articles\/powering-high-speed-analog-to-digital-converters-with-switching-power-supplies.html\">https:\/\/www.analog.com\/jp\/resources\/technical-articles\/powering-high-speed-analog-to-digital-converters-with-switching-power-supplies.html<\/a><\/li>\n <li>Siglent NA. \u201cS\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/siglentna.com\/operating-tip\/difference-switching-linear-power-supply\/\">https:\/\/siglentna.com\/operating-tip\/difference-switching-linear-power-supply\/<\/a><\/li>\n <li>OMCH. \u201cB\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/switch-mode-power-supply\/\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/switch-mode-power-supply\/<\/a><\/li>\n <li>OMCH. \u201cGi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 OMCH.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/about-omch\/\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/about-omch\/<\/a><\/li>\n <li>Trang ch\u1ee7 OMCH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n <\/article>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/body><\/html>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u00edt nhi\u1ec5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p h\u1ea1 \u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u2014 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12045,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"What Is a Linear Power Supply: How It Works, How It Compares, and When to Choose One","_seopress_titles_desc":"Learn what a linear power supply is, how it works, how it compares to switching power supplies (SMPS), and when to choose one for noise-sensitive applications.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mmlblog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12044"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12048,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12044\/revisions\/12048"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":12044,"date":"2026-07-16T02:14:32","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T02:14:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/?p=12044"},"modified":"2026-07-16T02:14:34","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T02:14:34","slug":"what-is-a-linear-power-supply","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/what-is-a-linear-power-supply\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n \n \n B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y<\/title>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"bd-post\">\n <style>\n @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Manrope:wght@400;600;700&family=Roboto:wght@600;700&display=swap');\n\n .bd-post {\n --prose-width: 720px;\n --gap-attach: 16px;\n --gap-normal: 32px;\n --gap-section: 48px;\n --pad-compact: 16px;\n --pad-standard: 24px;\n\n \/* Palette \u2014 OMCH brand, per design-plan.md *\/\n --body-bg: #FFFFFF;\n --text-primary: #333333;\n --text-secondary: #6E6E6E;\n --heading-ink: #000000;\n --accent: #479DE2;\n --accent-text: #1A6DB5;\n --accent-hot: #FD9649;\n --inverse-bg: #1E1E1E;\n --inverse-text: #FFFFFF;\n --inverse-text-secondary: #B0B0B0;\n --card-fill: #F4F8FC;\n --card-border: #E0E0E0;\n --panel-fill: #FAFAFA;\n --btn-white: #FFFFFF;\n --btn-ink: #1E1E1E;\n --divider: #C0C0C0;\n\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-size: 16px;\n font-weight: 400;\n line-height: 1.6;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n background: var(--body-bg);\n padding: 40px;\n max-width: 100%;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n }\n\n .bd-post a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; 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color: var(--accent-text); flex-shrink: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-4-head span { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 17px; color: var(--heading-ink); }\n .bd-post .bp-4-items { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 14px; }\n .bd-post .bp-4-item { display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: flex-start; }\n .bd-post .bp-4-num {\n width: 28px; height: 28px;\n border-radius: 50%;\n background: var(--body-bg);\n border: 2px solid var(--accent);\n color: var(--accent-text);\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 14px;\n line-height: 24px;\n text-align: center;\n flex-shrink: 0;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-4-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 2px; }\n .bd-post .bp-4-q { font-weight: 600; font-size: 16px; color: var(--heading-ink); }\n .bd-post .bp-4-a { font-size: 14px; color: var(--text-secondary); line-height: 1.5; }\n\n \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 BP-cta-end: End CTA \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end {\n background: var(--accent);\n border-radius: 10px;\n padding: var(--pad-standard);\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n align-items: center;\n text-align: center;\n gap: 12px;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-icon { color: var(--btn-white); width: 28px; height: 28px; flex-shrink: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-title { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 24px; color: var(--btn-white); line-height: 1.2; margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-subtitle { font-size: 16px; color: var(--btn-white); margin: 0; max-width: 480px; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn {\n display: inline-flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 8px;\n padding: 12px 32px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif;\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 16px;\n text-decoration: none;\n background: var(--btn-white);\n color: var(--accent-text);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; flex-shrink: 0; }\n\n \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 Motion \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n @media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {\n @supports (animation-timeline: view()) {\n .bd-post .bd-reveal { animation: bd-fade-in linear both; animation-timeline: view(); animation-range: entry 0% entry 35%; }\n @keyframes bd-fade-in { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } }\n }\n .bd-post h2 { transition: color .2s ease-out, transform .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post h2:hover { color: var(--accent-text); transform: scale(1.01); }\n .bd-post .bp-1-num { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-num:hover { transform: scale(1.1); box-shadow: 0 0 12px rgba(26,109,181,0.3); }\n .bd-post .bp-2-card { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-2-card:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.15); }\n .bd-post .bp-3-grid { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-grid:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); }\n .bd-post .bp-4-card { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-4-card:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); }\n .bd-post .bp-4-num { transition: color .2s ease-out, border-color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-4-item:hover .bp-4-num { color: var(--accent-hot); border-color: var(--accent-hot); }\n .bd-post p a, .bd-post li a, .bd-post blockquote a, .bd-post td a { transition: color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post p a:hover, .bd-post li a:hover, .bd-post blockquote a:hover, .bd-post td a:hover { color: var(--accent-hot); }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn {\n transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out;\n }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover {\n transform: translateY(-2px);\n box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(26,109,181,0.35);\n }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover svg { transform: rotate(15deg); transition: transform .2s ease-out; }\n }\n\n \/* \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 Mobile (\u2264768px) \u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550 *\/\n @media (max-width: 768px) {\n .bd-post { padding: 16px; }\n .bd-post h1 { font-size: 22px; }\n .bd-post h2 { font-size: 26px; margin-top: 32px; }\n .bd-post h3 { font-size: 20px; margin-top: 24px; }\n\n \/* BP-1: vertical stack *\/\n .bd-post .bp-1-flow { flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: 12px; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-step { flex-direction: row; text-align: left; gap: 12px; align-items: center; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-arrow { width: 100%; height: 24px; }\n .bd-post .bp-1-arrow svg { transform: rotate(90deg); }\n\n \/* BP-2 *\/\n .bd-post .bp-2-formula { font-size: 24px; }\n\n \/* BP-3: responsive table *\/\n .bd-post .bp-3-table th { font-size: 14px; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-table td { padding: 12px 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-val { font-size: 17px; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-dim-sub { display: none; }\n .bd-post .bp-3-note { font-size: 12px; }\n\n \/* BP-cta *\/\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-title { font-size: 20px; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn { padding: 10px 24px; font-size: 15px; }\n }\n <\/style>\n\n <article class=\"bd-post-article\">\n\n <h1><\/h1>\n\n <h2>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n <p>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u00edt nhi\u1ec5u, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p h\u1ea1 \u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u2014 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n <p>H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9: n\u00f3 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 40% \u0111\u1ebfn 60% \u2014 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t thay v\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra h\u1eefu \u00edch (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.acopian.com\/linear-power-supply-vs-switching-power-supply-vs-unregulated-power-supply.html\">Acopian<\/a>). \u0110\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u1ea5p t\u1edbi 0,25 mV RMS \u2014 \u00edt nhi\u1ec5u h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ch\u00fang n\u1eb7ng, t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ph\u00f2ng thu \u00e2m, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n <h2>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n <p>M\u1ecdi b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1 \u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u th\u00f4, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh tinh ch\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n <h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u2014 Bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p: Gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u00f5i s\u1eaft c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 110V ho\u1eb7c 220V t\u1eeb \u1ed5 c\u1eafm tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 \u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xoay chi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 12V \u0111\u1ebfn 24V AC \u1edf ph\u00eda th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n <p>B\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2014 50 ho\u1eb7c 60 Hz \u2014 v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u00f5i s\u1eaft l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ri\u00eang b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh 100 watt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb 1,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,5 kilogram.<\/p>\n\n <p>H\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, n\u01a1i cu\u1ed9n bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 50 kHz tr\u1edf l\u00ean: l\u00f5i cu\u1ed9n bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n khi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh \u2014 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n <h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 v\u00e0 3 \u2014 Ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc: T\u1eeb d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) sang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u th\u00f4 (DC)<\/h3>\n\n <p>Sau khi m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u c\u1ea7u \u2014 g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo h\u00ecnh thoi \u2014 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eeda chu k\u1ef3 \u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 AC, bi\u1ebfn s\u00f3ng sin xoay chi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh d\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u dao \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u1eabn dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec9nh 100 ho\u1eb7c 120 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y (g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai n\u1eeda chu k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng). \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn dao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u1edbn \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn microfarad, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 4.700 \u00b5F ho\u1eb7c 10.000 \u00b5F \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ed1i song song v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u. T\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef n\u00e0y s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec9nh trong m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec9nh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 v\u00e0o t\u1ea3i trong kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh, l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n <p>M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy h\u1eefu \u00edch: t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede ph\u00eda th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc theo t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3t. \u1ede ph\u00eda h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n, t\u1ea3i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. H\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n <h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4 \u2014 \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p: Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u2014 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u2014 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ct\u1eaft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u201d, b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eadt m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n\u201d, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n <p>M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y so s\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb \u00b12% \u0111\u1ebfn \u00b15%) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn: n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 cao, b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh n\u00f3; n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o hay d\u00f2ng t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n <p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n <blockquote><p><strong>P_dissipated = (V_in \u2212 V_out) \u00d7 I_load<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n <p>H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 18V \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, cung c\u1ea5p 12V v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 2A cho t\u1ea3i. S\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 6V, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 2A ch\u1ea1y qua, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra 12 watt nhi\u1ec7t \u2014 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3n \u0111i b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 LM317 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng 78xx c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (7805 cho 5V, 7812 cho 12V) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chip ba ch\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c\u201d trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u2014 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-1-flow bd-reveal\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-step\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-num\">1<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-label\">Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<br>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-step\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-num\">2<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-label\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda + L\u1ecdc<br>AC <svg style=\"width:12px;height:12px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;color:var(--accent)\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg> DC th\u00f4<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-step\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-num\">3<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-label\">B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<br>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-step\">\n <div class=\"bp-1-num\">4<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-1-label\">\u0110\u1ea7u ra DC s\u1ea1ch<br><1 mV dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Gemini_Generated_Image_55gp9855gp9855gp.webp\" alt=\"M\u00f4 t\u1ea3\" class=\"bd-post-image\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\n <p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, h\u1eb3n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe qua cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn: tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh hay chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch? B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u2014 v\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1eebng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n <table>\n <thead><tr><th>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/th><th>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/th><th>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (SMPS)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/td><td>T\u1eeb b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t ngh\u00ecn, ba tr\u0103m ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ba<\/td><td>70\u201390%+<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra (RMS)<\/td><td>0,25\u20131,5 mV<\/td><td>10\u201325 mV<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td><td>L\u1edbn, n\u1eb7ng<\/td><td>Nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, nh\u1eb9<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch<\/td><td>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td><td>Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>Nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \/ Nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn<\/td><td>R\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p<\/td><td>Cao \u2014 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u1edbp che ch\u1eafn<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi<\/td><td>50\u2013100 \u00b5s<\/td><td>~300 \u00b5s<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i<\/td><td>0,005\u20130,21 TP3T<\/td><td>0,05\u20130,51 TP3T<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n <p style=\"font-size:13px;color:var(--text-secondary);margin-top:4px;\"><em>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acopian.com\/linear-power-supply-vs-switching-power-supply-vs-unregulated-power-supply.html\">So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n Acopian<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n <h3>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u2014 S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n\n <p>S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tinh ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u2014 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n <p>Trong m\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp lu\u00f4n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, lu\u00f4n g\u00e2y s\u1ee5t \u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n ti\u00eau t\u00e1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i watt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t. Khi ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u1edbn, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh: \u0111\u1ea7u ra 5V t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o 18V s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed h\u01a1n 70% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n <p>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Transistor c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 MOSFET \u2014 ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: m\u1edf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p qua n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng) ho\u1eb7c t\u1eaft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng). Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2014 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau t\u00e1n \u2014 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, v\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb 50 kHz \u0111\u1ebfn 1 MHz, c\u00e1c MOSFET hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf khi m\u1edf \u1edf m\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 milliohm gi\u00fap gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t n\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch 100W c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 watt d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t, trong khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed 50 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 watt.<\/p>\n\n <p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda h\u1eefu \u00edch: ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1p ch\u00e2n phanh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u2014 ma s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf nh\u1ea5n phanh nhanh ch\u00f3ng 100.000 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y \u2014 l\u1ef1c phanh trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-2-card bd-reveal\">\n <div class=\"bp-2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polygon points=\"13 2 3 14 12 14 11 22 21 10 12 10 13 2\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-2-formula\">P = (V<sub>trong<\/sub> \u2212 V<sub>ra<\/sub>) \u00d7 I<sub>t\u1ea3i<\/sub><\/div>\n <p class=\"bp-2-subtitle\">M\u1ed7i watt s\u1ee5t \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u \u2014 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <h3>Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2014 T\u1ea1i sao ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n\n <p>N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n <p>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra dao \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u \u2014 100 Hz ho\u1eb7c 120 Hz \u2014 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng h\u00e0i b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 l\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0: nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 mV RMS.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec5u b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh s\u1eafc n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch. M\u1ed9t MOSFET b\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eaft trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c nano gi\u00e2y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c megahertz. Nhi\u1ec5u n\u00e0y lan truy\u1ec1n qua d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n (d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ra) v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (qua kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n <p>T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00e2m thanh<\/strong>: Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch 50 mV tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i, sau khi qua m\u1ee9c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i 40 dB, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng r\u00e8 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng vo ve c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y \u1edf m\u1ee9c 5 V t\u1ea1i loa. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thu \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u2014 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng v\u1eady.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1-s\u1ed1 (ADC) 16-bit ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tham chi\u1ebfu 2,5V c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn 38 microvolt tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i bit. \u0110\u1ed9 g\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng (jitter) \u1edf c\u00e1c bit \u00edt c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t \u2014 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n <li><strong>M\u1ea1ch RF<\/strong>: B\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n th\u1ea5p (LNA) c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 thu s\u1ebd khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u2014 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c h\u00e0i s\u00f3ng do chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng y\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h3>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u2014 Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/h3>\n\n <p>B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh 100W \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u00e0n tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111e nh\u1ecf \u2014 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u00f5i s\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3n \u0111i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c watt nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 100W d\u00e0nh cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n trong l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n <p>C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed. \u1ede m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 50 watt, b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh. \u1ede m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean 100 watt, b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1eaft trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u0103ng nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a silicon v\u00e0 ferit trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c watt, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-3-grid bd-reveal\">\n <h4>\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m5 12 4 4 5-5 5 5\"\/><path d=\"M19 3v4h-4\"\/><\/svg>\n T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i\n <\/h4>\n <table class=\"bp-3-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr><th><\/th><th>Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/th><th>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/th><\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-dim\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-dim-sub\">c\u00e0ng cao c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val lose\">40\u201360<span class=\"bp-3-unit\">%<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bp-3-badge worst\">Th\u1ea5p<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val win\">80\u201395<span class=\"bp-3-unit\">%<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bp-3-badge best\">T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/div><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-dim\">Ripple<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-dim-sub\">c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val win\"><1 <span class=\"bp-3-unit\">mV<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bp-3-badge best\">T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val lose\">10\u201325 <span class=\"bp-3-unit\">mV<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bp-3-badge worst\">Cao h\u01a1n<\/div><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-dim\">Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-dim-sub\">c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val lose\">N\u1eb7ng<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-note\">1,5\u20132,5 kg (100 W)<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val win\">\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-note\">Nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 mang theo<\/div><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-dim\">Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n EMI<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-dim-sub\">c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val win\">R\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-badge best\">T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/div><\/td>\n <td><div class=\"bp-3-val lose\">Cao<\/div><div class=\"bp-3-note\">C\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1eafn<\/div><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh?<\/h2>\n\n <p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201ctuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh so v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u2014 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n <p>Ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng \u1ed3n \u00e0o xung quanh:<\/p>\n\n <ol>\n <li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i analog-s\u1ed1 (ADC) ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1ed9 thu t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn (RF) nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ee3n c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 xa x\u1ec9 \u2014 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi l\u1ecdc ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n <li><strong>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> N\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp v\u1eeba trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n mang theo \u2014 nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra di \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00fang t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2014 th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n <li><strong>M\u1ee9c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong> D\u01b0\u1edbi 50W, c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tr\u00ean 500W, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2014 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 50W \u0111\u1ebfn 500W, \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n <p>H\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Ph\u00f2ng thu \u00e2m \/ H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e2m thanh cao c\u1ea5p<\/strong>: T\u00ednh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n c\u00e3i. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u2014 b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i micro, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 sang analog (DAC), b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i tai nghe \u2014 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>: T\u00ednh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch 2 mV m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do nhi\u1ec5u t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n <li><strong>T\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray DIN)<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u2014 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u2014 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ti\u1ec1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n <li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n y t\u1ebf<\/strong>: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (ECG, EEG, \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 oxy trong m\u00e1u) th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh; c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n <li><strong>L\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \/ IoT<\/strong>: M\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p th\u1ea5p (LDO), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u00eda sau b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p ki\u1ec3u chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c v\u00e0i miliv\u00f4n n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn analog c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lai. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ee3n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Tektronix \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0n cao c\u1ea5p ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0 Analog Devices \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc sau ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ADC 16-bit t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay \u2014 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 35% (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.analog.com\/jp\/resources\/technical-articles\/powering-high-speed-analog-to-digital-converters-with-switching-power-supplies.html\">Analog Devices<\/a>). Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u201cm\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh so v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch\u201d ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang \u201cm\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-4-card bd-reveal\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-head\">\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"6\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\"\/><\/svg>\n <span>Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-items\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-item\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-num\">1<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-text\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-q\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n?<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-a\">\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady <svg style=\"width:14px;height:14px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;color:var(--accent-text)\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg> Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec5u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-item\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-num\">2<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-text\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-q\">C\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc hay tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-a\">\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady <svg style=\"width:14px;height:14px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;color:var(--accent)\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg> Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-item\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-num\">3<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-text\">\n <div class=\"bp-4-q\">C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 500W?<\/div>\n <div class=\"bp-4-a\">\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady <svg style=\"width:14px;height:14px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;color:var(--accent)\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg> Chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi 50W, c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u2014 h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n l\u00e0m ti\u00eau ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n <p>N\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>1. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi d\u00f2ng t\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i). C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,01% tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i volt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,1%. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u2014 h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng mV RMS, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mV \u0111\u1ec9nh-\u0111\u1ec9nh \u2014 ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 mV RMS \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m: ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i 10% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 l\u1ea7n khi \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>2. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/strong> B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng (OCP), b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 \u00e1p (OVP) v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n do qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u2014 v\u00e0 s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n g\u00ec th\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>3. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia c\u00f4ng.<\/strong> H\u00e3y m\u1edf v\u1ecf m\u00e1y n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u2014 c\u00e1c l\u00e1 th\u00e9p silic x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau cho th\u1ea5y l\u00f5i bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n; m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn rung l\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng \u00f9. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 l\u1ecdc \u2014 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Nichicon, Rubycon, Panasonic) lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t \u2014 li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i hay tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t? \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>4. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn.<\/strong> D\u1ea5u CE, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn UL v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 RoHS l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u2014 nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 IEC 62368-1 (thay th\u1ebf cho ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u0169 IEC 60950) v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 EMC theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 55032 Lo\u1ea1i B cho th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n <p><strong>5. Uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/strong> B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u2014 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau, cam k\u1ebft b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p am hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o h\u1ecd t\u00ecnh c\u1edd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n <h2>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n <p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, th\u00ec h\u00e3y nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i \u2014 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. B\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00f2ng ra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai s\u00f3t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh: n\u1ebfu m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hay k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec m\u1ea1ch tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec m\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u2014 ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau \u2014 th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n <p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u2014 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-cta-end bd-reveal\">\n <div class=\"bp-cta-end-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect width=\"20\" height=\"16\" x=\"2\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"m22 7-8.97 5.7a1.94 1.94 0 0 1-2.06 0L2 7\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n <p class=\"bp-cta-end-title\">B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p?<\/p>\n <p class=\"bp-cta-end-subtitle\">D\u00f9 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh hay lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n <a class=\"bp-cta-end-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">\n Trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n <ol>\n <li>Acopian. \u201cSo s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n: Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh so v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch so v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acopian.com\/linear-power-supply-vs-switching-power-supply-vs-unregulated-power-supply.html\">https:\/\/www.acopian.com\/linear-power-supply-vs-switching-power-supply-vs-unregulated-power-supply.html<\/a><\/li>\n <li>Analog Devices. \u201cCung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1-s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.analog.com\/jp\/resources\/technical-articles\/powering-high-speed-analog-to-digital-converters-with-switching-power-supplies.html\">https:\/\/www.analog.com\/jp\/resources\/technical-articles\/powering-high-speed-analog-to-digital-converters-with-switching-power-supplies.html<\/a><\/li>\n <li>Siglent NA. \u201cS\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/siglentna.com\/operating-tip\/difference-switching-linear-power-supply\/\">https:\/\/siglentna.com\/operating-tip\/difference-switching-linear-power-supply\/<\/a><\/li>\n <li>OMCH. \u201cB\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/switch-mode-power-supply\/\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/switch-mode-power-supply\/<\/a><\/li>\n <li>OMCH. \u201cGi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 OMCH.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/about-omch\/\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/about-omch\/<\/a><\/li>\n <li>Trang ch\u1ee7 OMCH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n <\/article>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/body><\/html>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? B\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u00edt nhi\u1ec5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p h\u1ea1 \u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u2014 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12045,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"What Is a Linear Power Supply: How It Works, How It Compares, and When to Choose One","_seopress_titles_desc":"Learn what a linear power supply is, how it works, how it compares to switching power supplies (SMPS), and when to choose one for noise-sensitive applications.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mmlblog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12044"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12048,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12044\/revisions\/12048"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}