\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/title>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"bd-post\">\n <style>\n @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Manrope:wght@400;600;700&family=Roboto:wght@600;700&display=swap');\n\n \/* ===== Brand Standard Blog CSS Header (verbatim values) + article tokens ===== *\/\n .bd-post {\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-size: 16px;\n font-weight: 400;\n line-height: 1.6;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n background: var(--body-bg);\n --prose-width: 720px;\n --gap-attach: 16px;\n --gap-normal: 32px;\n --gap-section: 48px;\n --pad-compact: 16px;\n --pad-standard: 24px;\n \/* palette \u2014 single source (plan): *\/\n --body-bg: #FFFFFF;\n --text-primary: #333333;\n --text-secondary: #6E6E6E;\n --heading-ink: #000000;\n --accent: #479DE2;\n --accent-deep: #2A76B4;\n --accent-hot: #FD9649;\n --warn: #B45309;\n --navy: #0D3972;\n --navy-text: #FFFFFF;\n --navy-text-2: #C9D8EE;\n --card-fill: #EAF3FB;\n --card-text: #333333;\n --card-border: #D3D3D3;\n --warn-tint: #FDF1E3;\n --hairline: #E0E0E0;\n --btn-white: #FFFFFF;\n --btn-ink: #000000;\n padding: 40px;\n max-width: 100%;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n }\n .bd-post a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; word-break: break-word; }\n .bd-post p, .bd-post li { overflow-wrap: break-word; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article { max-width: var(--prose-width); margin: 0 auto; }\n\n \/* ---- PROSE SPACING \u2014 fixed standard ---- *\/\n .bd-post h1 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.2; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 0 0 16px; }\n .bd-post h2 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.2; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 48px 0 16px; transform-origin: left center; transition: color 0.2s ease-out, transform 0.2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post h2:hover { color: #173F78; transform: scale(1.04); }\n .bd-post h3 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.25; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 32px 0 12px; }\n .bd-post p { margin: 0 0 1em; }\n .bd-post ul, .bd-post ol { margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 1.5em; }\n .bd-post li { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }\n .bd-post strong { font-weight: 700; }\n\n \/* ---- selector hygiene: attribute selectors carry box-sizing only ---- *\/\n .bd-post [class*=\"bp-\"], .bd-post [class*=\"rich-\"] { box-sizing: border-box; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-decode { margin: var(--gap-normal) 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-stance { margin: var(--gap-section) 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-cta-mid, .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-cta-end { margin: var(--gap-section) 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .rich-callout { margin: var(--gap-normal) 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .table-wrapper { margin: 0 0 var(--gap-normal); }\n\n \/* ---- ANCHOR PERMIT-LIST: visual props only via the four content forms ---- *\/\n .bd-post p a, .bd-post li a, .bd-post blockquote a, .bd-post td a { color: var(--accent-deep); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--accent-deep); text-underline-offset: 3px; }\n\n \/* ---- tables ---- *\/\n .bd-post .table-wrapper { overflow-x: auto; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article caption { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }\n .bd-post table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }\n .bd-post th { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: var(--heading-ink); text-align: left; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent-deep); padding: 10px 12px; }\n .bd-post td { font-size: 15px; color: var(--text-primary); padding: 10px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }\n .bd-post .table-wrapper table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }\n\n \/* ---- rich warning callout ---- *\/\n .bd-post .rich-callout { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 12px; background: var(--warn-tint); border: 1px solid var(--card-border); border-radius: 8px; padding: var(--pad-standard); }\n .bd-post .rich-callout .rich-callout-icon { display: inline-flex; flex: 0 0 auto; color: var(--warn); margin-top: 2px; }\n .bd-post .rich-callout p { margin: 0; }\n\n \/* ---- BP-1 decode (navy signature) ---- *\/\n .bd-post .bp-decode { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; background: var(--navy); border-radius: 8px; padding: var(--pad-standard); box-shadow: 5px 10px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.12); }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-title { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.3; color: var(--navy-text); margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-ticon { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: -0.2em; margin-right: 8px; color: var(--accent); }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-body { font-size: 15px; color: var(--navy-text-2); margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-flow { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-chip { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 6px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--accent); border-radius: 4px; font-size: 16px; color: var(--navy-text); }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-chip-hot { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 6px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--accent); border-radius: 4px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--accent-hot); }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-arrow { display: inline-flex; flex: 0 0 auto; color: var(--accent); }\n\n \/* ---- BP-mid CTA ---- *\/\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 16px 20px; background: var(--body-bg); border: 1px solid var(--card-border); border-radius: 8px; padding: var(--pad-compact); }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-txt { flex: 1 1 280px; font-size: 16px; color: var(--text-primary); margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 10px 20px; border-radius: 8px; font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; background: var(--accent-deep); color: var(--btn-white); text-decoration: none; transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out, background .2s ease-out, color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn:hover { background: var(--accent-hot); color: var(--btn-ink); }\n\n \/* ---- BP-2 stance (L0 typographic) ---- *\/\n .bd-post .bp-stance { border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-deep); padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; }\n .bd-post .bp-stance-label { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent-deep); margin: 0 0 8px; }\n .bd-post .bp-stance-label svg { color: var(--accent-deep); }\n .bd-post .bp-stance-quote { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.35; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 0; }\n\n \/* ---- BP-end CTA (navy) ---- *\/\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 12px; background: var(--navy); border-radius: 8px; padding: var(--pad-standard); box-shadow: 5px 10px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.12); }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-title { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.25; color: var(--navy-text); margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-ticon { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: -0.2em; margin-right: 8px; color: var(--accent-hot); }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-sub { font-size: 15px; color: var(--navy-text-2); margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-top: 4px; padding: 12px 24px; border-radius: 8px; font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; background: var(--accent-hot); color: var(--btn-ink); text-decoration: none; transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out, background .2s ease-out, color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover { background: var(--btn-white); color: var(--accent-deep); }\n\n \/* ---- References ---- *\/\n .bd-post .bd-refs { list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-refs li { font-size: 14px; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 0.5em; }\n\n \/* ---- sanctioned motion (gated) ---- *\/\n @media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {\n @supports (animation-timeline: view()) {\n .bd-post .bd-reveal { animation: bd-fade-in linear both; animation-timeline: view(); animation-range: entry 0% entry 35%; }\n @keyframes bd-fade-in { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } }\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-card, .bd-post .bp-decode, .bd-post .bp-cta-end { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-chip:hover, .bd-post .bp-decode-chip-hot:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.25); }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-chip, .bd-post .bp-decode-chip-hot { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn, .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out, background .2s ease-out, color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn:hover, .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.18); }\n .bd-post p a, .bd-post li a { transition: color .2s ease-out, text-decoration-color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post p a:hover, .bd-post li a:hover { color: var(--heading-ink); }\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 768px) {\n .bd-post { padding: 16px; }\n .bd-post h1 { font-size: 26px; }\n .bd-post h2 { font-size: 26px; margin-top: 32px; }\n .bd-post h3 { font-size: 20px; margin-top: 24px; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode, .bd-post .bp-cta-end { padding: 20px; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-title { font-size: 20px; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-title { font-size: 22px; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-flow { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-arrow { transform: rotate(90deg); }\n }\n\/* Force a visible bottom border on every table *\/\n.bd-post table,\n.bd-post .rich-table,\n.bd-post .table-wrapper table {\n border-collapse: collapse !important;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #D3D3D3 !important;\n}\n\n.bd-post table > tbody > tr:last-child > td,\n.bd-post .rich-table > tbody > tr:last-child > td,\n.bd-post .table-wrapper table > tbody > tr:last-child > td {\n border-bottom: 1px solid #D3D3D3 !important;\n}\n <\/style>\n <article class=\"bd-post-article\">\n\n <p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a 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\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n <li>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 Z\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637.<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n <table>\n <caption>\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/caption>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636<\/th>\n <th>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/th>\n <th>\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td><td>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\/0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644<\/td><td>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u00bb<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0634\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td><td>\u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0639<\/td><td>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td><td>\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 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<iframe\n src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/-LLlD9mCgrI?rel=0\"\n title=\"\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627\"\n loading=\"lazy\"\n style=\"position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; border:0;\"\n allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\"\n referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"\n allowfullscreen>\n <\/iframe>\n <\/div>\n\n <p style=\"margin:12px 0 0; font-size:14px; line-height:1.5; color:#6E6E6E;\">\n \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 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\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645:<\/p>\n\n <ul>\n <li><strong>NPN \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 PNP\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n <li><strong>PNP \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/strong> \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a (\u062f\u0641\u0639-\u0633\u062d\u0628)<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 (\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a RS-422)<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <p>\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u201c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629\u201d \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/mowerproject.com\/2020\/05\/03\/rotary-encoder-troubleshooting\/\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c MowerProject<\/a>). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f 12 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"rich-callout\" role=\"note\">\n <span class=\"rich-callout-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"m21.73 18-8-14a2 2 0 0 0-3.48 0l-8 14A2 2 0 0 0 4 21h16a2 2 0 0 0 1.73-3\"\/><path d=\"M12 9v4\"\/><path d=\"M12 17h.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <p>\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 = \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u2014 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (CNC) \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629: \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 (<a href=\"https:\/\/sieportal.siemens.com\/en-ww\/support\/forum\/posts\/sinumerik-840d-incremental-encoder-signal-error-on-power-on\/224044\">\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0640 SINUMERIK 840D\u060c Siemens SiePortal<\/a>). \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d) \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c PLC \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IndustrialMaintenance\/comments\/1go7w1g\/troubleshooting_question\/\">\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c r\/IndustrialMaintenance<\/a>). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0632. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c 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<p>\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a 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<caption>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/caption>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0643<\/th>\n <th>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0640<\/th>\n <th>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a + \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f + PPR (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a)<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/td><td>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642<\/td><td>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 + \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <p>\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 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\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n\n <h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 (PPR) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n\n <p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u0623\u0648 PNP\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631: \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u00d7 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u00d7 PPR) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u00d7 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645: \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/h3>\n\n <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n <table>\n <caption>\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/caption>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>\u062e\u0631\u062c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n <th>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n <th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n <th>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639<\/th>\n <th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td>\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/td><td>\u0630\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644<\/td><td>5\u201312 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td><td>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>NPN \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/td><td>\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u061b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/td><td>5\u201324 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (VDC) \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC) (NPN)<\/td><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0649 (\u0641\u0626\u0629 ~35 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631)\u061b \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>PNP \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/td><td>\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u061b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td><td>12-24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC) (PNP)<\/td><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a (\u062f\u0641\u0639-\u0633\u062d\u0628)<\/td><td>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0637<\/td><td>12-24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/td><td>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f 5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062e\u0637 (RS-422)<\/td><td>\u0632\u0648\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629<\/td><td>5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u00b15%<\/td><td>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a 5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647: \u0641\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0627\u0632\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n <h3>PPR \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n <p>PPR \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 PPR \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 Z\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 Z \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u201c\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u201d: \u0641\u0640\u201c\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u201d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u00bb. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 (PPR)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-decode\">\n <p class=\"bp-decode-title\"><span class=\"bp-decode-ticon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"4\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" rx=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\"\/><path d=\"M15 2v2\"\/><path d=\"M15 20v2\"\/><path d=\"M2 15h2\"\/><path d=\"M2 9h2\"\/><path d=\"M20 15h2\"\/><path d=\"M20 9h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 2v2\"\/><path d=\"M9 20v2\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/p>\n <p class=\"bp-decode-body\">\u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0631\u0645\u0632 PPR \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u201d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n <div class=\"bp-decode-flow\" aria-label=\"\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\">\n <span class=\"bp-decode-chip-hot\">\u2026-6 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-decode-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-decode-chip\">\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c: NPN \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-decode-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-decode-chip\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629: 5\u201324 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-decode-chip\">PPR: \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <p><em>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a OMCH \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u0648 PNP\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u201c-6C\u201d \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f 5\u201324 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 10 \u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,200 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 (PPR) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/encoders\/\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/e6b2-cwz5g\/\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>).<\/em><\/p>\n\n <h2>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/h2>\n\n <p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643. \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u2014 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u2014 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n <ol>\n <li>\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c\u060c \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c PPR\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c. \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 X\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633.<\/li>\n <li>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061f \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n <li>\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644: \u201c\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 PLC \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u061f\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n <p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-cta-mid\">\n <p class=\"bp-cta-mid-txt\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u2014 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b (\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c PPR) \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n <a class=\"bp-cta-mid-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b<\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639: \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n <p>\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u0641\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0643 \u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u201c\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0645\u061f\u201d \u0628\u0644 \u201c\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u061f\u201d<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f 5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 NPN \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 PLC\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u2019\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u00d7 PPR\u00bb \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 NPN \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0627\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 (PPR). \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640\u201c\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u201d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636. \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-stance\">\n <p class=\"bp-stance-label\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M15 14c.2-1 .7-1.7 1.5-2.5 1-.9 1.5-2.2 1.5-3.5A6 6 0 0 0 6 8c0 1 .2 2.2 1.5 3.5.7.7 1.3 1.5 1.5 2.5\"\/><path d=\"M9 18h6\"\/><path d=\"M10 22h4\"\/><\/svg>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639<\/p>\n <p class=\"bp-stance-quote\">\u201c\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <p><em>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/product-selection\/\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/contact\/\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627<\/a>).<\/em><\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-cta-end\">\n <p class=\"bp-cta-end-title\"><span class=\"bp-cta-end-ticon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"m22 2-7 20-4-9-9-4Z\"\/><path d=\"M22 2 11 13\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643<\/p>\n <p class=\"bp-cta-end-sub\">\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648PPR\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n <a class=\"bp-cta-end-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n\n <ol class=\"bd-refs\">\n <li>\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0643. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluke.com\/en-us\/learn\/blog\/predictive-maintenance\/beyond-the-multimeter-part-3\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u2014 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>MSC Industrial Direct. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mscdirect.com\/knowledge-center\/articles\/how-to-diagnose-rotary-encoder-issues-in-conveyor-systems-with-an-oscilloscope\">\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>Siemens SiePortal. <a href=\"https:\/\/sieportal.siemens.com\/en-ww\/support\/forum\/posts\/sinumerik-840d-incremental-encoder-signal-error-on-power-on\/224044\">SINUMERIK 840D: \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eng-tips.com\/threads\/plc-encoder-faulty.280852\/\">\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 PLC<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 Reddit r\/IndustrialMaintenance. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IndustrialMaintenance\/comments\/1go7w1g\/troubleshooting_question\/\">\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 Mower. <a href=\"https:\/\/mowerproject.com\/2020\/05\/03\/rotary-encoder-troubleshooting\/\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a (TCS). <a href=\"https:\/\/irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu\/Facility\/tcs1\/pages\/EncoderProb.htm\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/forum.allaboutcircuits.com\/threads\/incremental-encoder-output.108894\/\">\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/encoders\/\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/e6b2-cwz5g\/\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 E6B2-CWZ5G<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/product-selection\/\">\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/article>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u061f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0643. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Encoder Troubleshooting: Symptoms, Tests & Fixes","_seopress_titles_desc":"Diagnose encoder faults by checking signals, wiring, output type, power, PPR and controller inputs before replacing the unit.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mmlblog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12258"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12258\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12267,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12258\/revisions\/12267"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12258"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":12258,"date":"2026-09-10T03:10:15","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T03:10:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/?p=12258"},"modified":"2026-09-10T03:16:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T03:16:00","slug":"encoder-troubleshooting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/encoder-troubleshooting\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/title>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"bd-post\">\n <style>\n @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Manrope:wght@400;600;700&family=Roboto:wght@600;700&display=swap');\n\n \/* ===== Brand Standard Blog CSS Header (verbatim values) + article tokens ===== *\/\n .bd-post {\n font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif;\n font-size: 16px;\n font-weight: 400;\n line-height: 1.6;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n background: var(--body-bg);\n --prose-width: 720px;\n --gap-attach: 16px;\n --gap-normal: 32px;\n --gap-section: 48px;\n --pad-compact: 16px;\n --pad-standard: 24px;\n \/* palette \u2014 single source (plan): *\/\n --body-bg: #FFFFFF;\n --text-primary: #333333;\n --text-secondary: #6E6E6E;\n --heading-ink: #000000;\n --accent: #479DE2;\n --accent-deep: #2A76B4;\n --accent-hot: #FD9649;\n --warn: #B45309;\n --navy: #0D3972;\n --navy-text: #FFFFFF;\n --navy-text-2: #C9D8EE;\n --card-fill: #EAF3FB;\n --card-text: #333333;\n --card-border: #D3D3D3;\n --warn-tint: #FDF1E3;\n --hairline: #E0E0E0;\n --btn-white: #FFFFFF;\n --btn-ink: #000000;\n padding: 40px;\n max-width: 100%;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n }\n .bd-post a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; word-break: break-word; }\n .bd-post p, .bd-post li { overflow-wrap: break-word; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article { max-width: var(--prose-width); margin: 0 auto; }\n\n \/* ---- PROSE SPACING \u2014 fixed standard ---- *\/\n .bd-post h1 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.2; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 0 0 16px; }\n .bd-post h2 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.2; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 48px 0 16px; transform-origin: left center; transition: color 0.2s ease-out, transform 0.2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post h2:hover { color: #173F78; transform: scale(1.04); }\n .bd-post h3 { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.25; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 32px 0 12px; }\n .bd-post p { margin: 0 0 1em; }\n .bd-post ul, .bd-post ol { margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 1.5em; }\n .bd-post li { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }\n .bd-post strong { font-weight: 700; }\n\n \/* ---- selector hygiene: attribute selectors carry box-sizing only ---- *\/\n .bd-post [class*=\"bp-\"], .bd-post [class*=\"rich-\"] { box-sizing: border-box; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-decode { margin: var(--gap-normal) 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-stance { margin: var(--gap-section) 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-cta-mid, .bd-post .bd-post-article > .bp-cta-end { margin: var(--gap-section) 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .rich-callout { margin: var(--gap-normal) 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article > .table-wrapper { margin: 0 0 var(--gap-normal); }\n\n \/* ---- ANCHOR PERMIT-LIST: visual props only via the four content forms ---- *\/\n .bd-post p a, .bd-post li a, .bd-post blockquote a, .bd-post td a { color: var(--accent-deep); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--accent-deep); text-underline-offset: 3px; }\n\n \/* ---- tables ---- *\/\n .bd-post .table-wrapper { overflow-x: auto; }\n .bd-post .bd-post-article caption { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }\n .bd-post table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }\n .bd-post th { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; color: var(--heading-ink); text-align: left; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent-deep); padding: 10px 12px; }\n .bd-post td { font-size: 15px; color: var(--text-primary); padding: 10px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }\n .bd-post .table-wrapper table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }\n\n \/* ---- rich warning callout ---- *\/\n .bd-post .rich-callout { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 12px; background: var(--warn-tint); border: 1px solid var(--card-border); border-radius: 8px; padding: var(--pad-standard); }\n .bd-post .rich-callout .rich-callout-icon { display: inline-flex; flex: 0 0 auto; color: var(--warn); margin-top: 2px; }\n .bd-post .rich-callout p { margin: 0; }\n\n \/* ---- BP-1 decode (navy signature) ---- *\/\n .bd-post .bp-decode { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; background: var(--navy); border-radius: 8px; padding: var(--pad-standard); box-shadow: 5px 10px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.12); }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-title { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.3; color: var(--navy-text); margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-ticon { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: -0.2em; margin-right: 8px; color: var(--accent); }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-body { font-size: 15px; color: var(--navy-text-2); margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-flow { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-chip { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 6px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--accent); border-radius: 4px; font-size: 16px; color: var(--navy-text); }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-chip-hot { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 6px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--accent); border-radius: 4px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--accent-hot); }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-arrow { display: inline-flex; flex: 0 0 auto; color: var(--accent); }\n\n \/* ---- BP-mid CTA ---- *\/\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 16px 20px; background: var(--body-bg); border: 1px solid var(--card-border); border-radius: 8px; padding: var(--pad-compact); }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-txt { flex: 1 1 280px; font-size: 16px; color: var(--text-primary); margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 10px 20px; border-radius: 8px; font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; background: var(--accent-deep); color: var(--btn-white); text-decoration: none; transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out, background .2s ease-out, color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn:hover { background: var(--accent-hot); color: var(--btn-ink); }\n\n \/* ---- BP-2 stance (L0 typographic) ---- *\/\n .bd-post .bp-stance { border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-deep); padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; }\n .bd-post .bp-stance-label { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent-deep); margin: 0 0 8px; }\n .bd-post .bp-stance-label svg { color: var(--accent-deep); }\n .bd-post .bp-stance-quote { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.35; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 0; }\n\n \/* ---- BP-end CTA (navy) ---- *\/\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 12px; background: var(--navy); border-radius: 8px; padding: var(--pad-standard); box-shadow: 5px 10px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.12); }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-title { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 26px; line-height: 1.25; color: var(--navy-text); margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-ticon { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: -0.2em; margin-right: 8px; color: var(--accent-hot); }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-sub { font-size: 15px; color: var(--navy-text-2); margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-top: 4px; padding: 12px 24px; border-radius: 8px; font-family: \"Manrope\", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; background: var(--accent-hot); color: var(--btn-ink); text-decoration: none; transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out, background .2s ease-out, color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover { background: var(--btn-white); color: var(--accent-deep); }\n\n \/* ---- References ---- *\/\n .bd-post .bd-refs { list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin: 0; }\n .bd-post .bd-refs li { font-size: 14px; color: var(--text-secondary); margin-bottom: 0.5em; }\n\n \/* ---- sanctioned motion (gated) ---- *\/\n @media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {\n @supports (animation-timeline: view()) {\n .bd-post .bd-reveal { animation: bd-fade-in linear both; animation-timeline: view(); animation-range: entry 0% entry 35%; }\n @keyframes bd-fade-in { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } }\n }\n .bd-post .bp-1-card, .bd-post .bp-decode, .bd-post .bp-cta-end { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-chip:hover, .bd-post .bp-decode-chip-hot:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.25); }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-chip, .bd-post .bp-decode-chip-hot { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn, .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out, background .2s ease-out, color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn:hover, .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.18); }\n .bd-post p a, .bd-post li a { transition: color .2s ease-out, text-decoration-color .2s ease-out; }\n .bd-post p a:hover, .bd-post li a:hover { color: var(--heading-ink); }\n }\n\n @media (max-width: 768px) {\n .bd-post { padding: 16px; }\n .bd-post h1 { font-size: 26px; }\n .bd-post h2 { font-size: 26px; margin-top: 32px; }\n .bd-post h3 { font-size: 20px; margin-top: 24px; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode, .bd-post .bp-cta-end { padding: 20px; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-title { font-size: 20px; }\n .bd-post .bp-cta-end-title { font-size: 22px; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-flow { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }\n .bd-post .bp-decode-arrow { transform: rotate(90deg); }\n }\n\/* Force a visible bottom border on every table *\/\n.bd-post table,\n.bd-post .rich-table,\n.bd-post .table-wrapper table {\n border-collapse: collapse !important;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #D3D3D3 !important;\n}\n\n.bd-post table > tbody > tr:last-child > td,\n.bd-post .rich-table > tbody > tr:last-child > td,\n.bd-post .table-wrapper table > tbody > tr:last-child > td {\n border-bottom: 1px solid #D3D3D3 !important;\n}\n <\/style>\n <article class=\"bd-post-article\">\n\n <p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 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\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n <li>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 Z\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637.<\/li>\n <li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n <table>\n <caption>\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/caption>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636<\/th>\n <th>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/th>\n <th>\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td><td>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\/0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644<\/td><td>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u00bb<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0634\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629<\/td><td>\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645:<\/p>\n\n <ul>\n <li><strong>NPN \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 PNP\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n <li><strong>PNP \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/strong> \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a (\u062f\u0641\u0639-\u0633\u062d\u0628)<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n <li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 (\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a RS-422)<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <p>\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c 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\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/mowerproject.com\/2020\/05\/03\/rotary-encoder-troubleshooting\/\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c MowerProject<\/a>). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f 12 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"rich-callout\" role=\"note\">\n <span class=\"rich-callout-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"m21.73 18-8-14a2 2 0 0 0-3.48 0l-8 14A2 2 0 0 0 4 21h16a2 2 0 0 0 1.73-3\"\/><path d=\"M12 9v4\"\/><path d=\"M12 17h.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <p>\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 = \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u2014 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (CNC) \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629: \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 (<a href=\"https:\/\/sieportal.siemens.com\/en-ww\/support\/forum\/posts\/sinumerik-840d-incremental-encoder-signal-error-on-power-on\/224044\">\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0640 SINUMERIK 840D\u060c Siemens SiePortal<\/a>). \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d) \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c PLC \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IndustrialMaintenance\/comments\/1go7w1g\/troubleshooting_question\/\">\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c r\/IndustrialMaintenance<\/a>). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0632. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 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\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n <table>\n <caption>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/caption>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0643<\/th>\n <th>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0640<\/th>\n <th>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a + \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f + PPR (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a)<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/td><td>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642<\/td><td>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 + \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <p>\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n\n <h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 (PPR) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n\n <p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u0623\u0648 PNP\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631: \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u00d7 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u00d7 PPR) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u00d7 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645: \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/h3>\n\n <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n <table>\n <caption>\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/caption>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>\u062e\u0631\u062c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n <th>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n <th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n <th>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639<\/th>\n <th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr><td>\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/td><td>\u0630\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644<\/td><td>5\u201312 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td><td>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>NPN \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/td><td>\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u061b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/td><td>5\u201324 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (VDC) \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC) (NPN)<\/td><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0649 (\u0641\u0626\u0629 ~35 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631)\u061b \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>PNP \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/td><td>\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u061b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td><td>12-24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC) (PNP)<\/td><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a (\u062f\u0641\u0639-\u0633\u062d\u0628)<\/td><td>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0637<\/td><td>12-24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/td><td>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f 5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr><td>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062e\u0637 (RS-422)<\/td><td>\u0632\u0648\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629<\/td><td>5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u00b15%<\/td><td>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a 5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/div>\n\n <p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647: \u0641\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0627\u0632\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n <h3>PPR \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n <p>PPR \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 PPR \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 Z\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 Z \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u201c\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n <p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u201d: \u0641\u0640\u201c\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u201d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u00bb. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 (PPR)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-decode\">\n <p class=\"bp-decode-title\"><span class=\"bp-decode-ticon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"4\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" rx=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"9\" y=\"9\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\"\/><path d=\"M15 2v2\"\/><path d=\"M15 20v2\"\/><path d=\"M2 15h2\"\/><path d=\"M2 9h2\"\/><path d=\"M20 15h2\"\/><path d=\"M20 9h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 2v2\"\/><path d=\"M9 20v2\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/p>\n <p class=\"bp-decode-body\">\u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0631\u0645\u0632 PPR \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u201d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n <div class=\"bp-decode-flow\" aria-label=\"\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\">\n <span class=\"bp-decode-chip-hot\">\u2026-6 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-decode-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-decode-chip\">\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c: NPN \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-decode-arrow\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><path d=\"m12 5 7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-decode-chip\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629: 5\u201324 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/span>\n <span class=\"bp-decode-chip\">PPR: \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <p><em>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a OMCH \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u0648 PNP\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u201c-6C\u201d \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f 5\u201324 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 10 \u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,200 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 (PPR) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/encoders\/\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/e6b2-cwz5g\/\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>).<\/em><\/p>\n\n <h2>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/h2>\n\n <p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643. \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u2014 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u2014 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n <ol>\n <li>\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c\u060c \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c PPR\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c. \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 X\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633.<\/li>\n <li>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061f \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n <li>\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644: \u201c\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 PLC \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u061f\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n <p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n\n <h3>\u0627\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631<\/h3>\n\n <p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 (PPR). \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640\u201c\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u201d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636. \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-stance\">\n <p class=\"bp-stance-label\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M15 14c.2-1 .7-1.7 1.5-2.5 1-.9 1.5-2.2 1.5-3.5A6 6 0 0 0 6 8c0 1 .2 2.2 1.5 3.5.7.7 1.3 1.5 1.5 2.5\"\/><path d=\"M9 18h6\"\/><path d=\"M10 22h4\"\/><\/svg>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639<\/p>\n <p class=\"bp-stance-quote\">\u201c\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <p><em>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/product-selection\/\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/contact\/\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627<\/a>).<\/em><\/p>\n\n \n <div class=\"bp-cta-end\">\n <p class=\"bp-cta-end-title\"><span class=\"bp-cta-end-ticon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"m22 2-7 20-4-9-9-4Z\"\/><path d=\"M22 2 11 13\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643<\/p>\n <p class=\"bp-cta-end-sub\">\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648PPR\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n <a class=\"bp-cta-end-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/a>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n\n <ol class=\"bd-refs\">\n <li>\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0643. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluke.com\/en-us\/learn\/blog\/predictive-maintenance\/beyond-the-multimeter-part-3\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u2014 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>MSC Industrial Direct. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mscdirect.com\/knowledge-center\/articles\/how-to-diagnose-rotary-encoder-issues-in-conveyor-systems-with-an-oscilloscope\">\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>Siemens SiePortal. <a href=\"https:\/\/sieportal.siemens.com\/en-ww\/support\/forum\/posts\/sinumerik-840d-incremental-encoder-signal-error-on-power-on\/224044\">SINUMERIK 840D: \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eng-tips.com\/threads\/plc-encoder-faulty.280852\/\">\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 PLC<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 Reddit r\/IndustrialMaintenance. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/IndustrialMaintenance\/comments\/1go7w1g\/troubleshooting_question\/\">\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 Mower. <a href=\"https:\/\/mowerproject.com\/2020\/05\/03\/rotary-encoder-troubleshooting\/\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a (TCS). <a href=\"https:\/\/irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu\/Facility\/tcs1\/pages\/EncoderProb.htm\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/forum.allaboutcircuits.com\/threads\/incremental-encoder-output.108894\/\">\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/encoders\/\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/e6b2-cwz5g\/\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 E6B2-CWZ5G<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/product-selection\/\">\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/a>.<\/li>\n <li>OMCH. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/\">https:\/\/www.omch.com\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/article>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u061f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0643. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Encoder Troubleshooting: Symptoms, Tests & Fixes","_seopress_titles_desc":"Diagnose encoder faults by checking signals, wiring, output type, power, PPR and controller inputs before replacing the unit.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mmlblog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12258"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12258\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12267,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12258\/revisions\/12267"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12258"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}