{"id":12178,"date":"2026-09-07T03:22:21","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T03:22:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/?p=12178"},"modified":"2026-10-09T02:53:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T02:53:16","slug":"npn-vs-pnp-sensor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/npn-vs-pnp-sensor\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 PNP: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\">\n<title>\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 PNP: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u061f<\/title>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n<!-- \u2193\u2193\u2193 The deployable fragment begins here. \u2193\u2193\u2193 -->\n<div class=\"bd-post\">\n<style>\n\/* fonts: BLOG scope only \u2014 copied verbatim from the brand Standard Blog CSS Header. *\/\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Manrope:wght@400;600;700&family=Roboto:wght@600;700&display=swap');\n\n.bd-post {\n  \/* ---- color tokens: OMCH v4 palette (plan palette \u2014 single source of hex) ---- *\/\n  --body-bg: #FFFFFF;\n  --text-primary: #333333;\n  --text-secondary: #6E6E6E;\n  --heading-ink: #000000;\n  --accent: #479DE2;\n  --accent-text: #2A76B4;\n  --accent-hot: #FD9649;\n  --navy: #0D3972;\n  --inverse-bg: #1E1E1E;\n  --inverse-text: #FFFFFF;\n  --inverse-text-secondary: #B0B0B0;\n  --card-fill: #F4F8FC;\n  --card-border: #E0E0E0;\n  --divider: #C0C0C0;\n  --panel-fill: #FAFAFA;\n  --btn-white: 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{ font-size: 16px; color: var(--inverse-text-secondary); margin: 0; }\n\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid {\n  background: var(--card-fill);\n  border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  padding: var(--pad-standard);\n  margin: var(--gap-normal) 0;\n  display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid-ttl {\n  display: block;\n  font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 20px; color: var(--heading-ink);\n  margin: 0;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid-ttl .rich-ico { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: -0.2em; margin-right: 8px; color: var(--accent-text); width: 20px; height: 20px; }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid-copy { margin: 0; }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn {\n  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;\n  background: var(--navy); color: var(--btn-white);\n  font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px;\n  text-decoration: none; padding: 10px 20px; border-radius: 6px;\n}\n\n.bd-post .bp-3-pn {\n  background: var(--card-fill);\n  border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  padding: var(--pad-standard);\n  margin: var(--gap-section) 0;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-3-title { display: block; font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 18px; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 0 0 14px; }\n.bd-post .bp-3-title .rich-ico { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: -0.2em; margin-right: 8px; color: var(--accent-text); width: 18px; height: 18px; }\n.bd-post .bp-3-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }\n.bd-post .bp-3-cell { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 12px; padding: 4px 0; }\n.bd-post .bp-3-cell + .bp-3-cell { border-left: 1px solid var(--divider); padding-left: 20px; }\n.bd-post .bp-3-chip {\n  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\n  width: 40px; height: 32px; flex: none;\n  background: var(--accent-text); color: var(--inverse-text);\n  font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 16px;\n  border-radius: 6px;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-3-cellcopy { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 2px; }\n.bd-post .bp-3-celllabel { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 15px; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 0; }\n.bd-post .bp-3-cellsub { font-size: 14px; color: var(--text-secondary); margin: 0; }\n.bd-post .bp-3-foot { margin: 12px 0 0; font-size: 14px; color: var(--text-secondary); }\n\n.bd-post .bp-2-fault {\n  background: var(--card-fill);\n  border: 1px solid var(--card-border);\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  padding: var(--pad-standard);\n  margin: var(--gap-normal) 0;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-2-title { display: block; font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 18px; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 0 0 14px; }\n.bd-post .bp-2-title .rich-ico { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: -0.2em; margin-right: 8px; color: var(--accent-text); width: 18px; height: 18px; }\n.bd-post .bp-2-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }\n.bd-post .bp-2-cell { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }\n.bd-post .bp-2-cell + .bp-2-cell { border-left: 1px solid var(--divider); padding-left: 20px; }\n.bd-post .bp-2-celllabel .cell-ico { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: -0.2em; margin-right: 8px; width: 20px; height: 20px; color: var(--accent-text); }\n.bd-post .bp-2-celllabel { font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 16px; color: var(--heading-ink); margin: 0; }\n.bd-post .bp-2-cellline { font-size: 15px; color: var(--text-primary); margin: 0; }\n\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end {\n  background: var(--navy);\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  padding: var(--pad-standard);\n  margin: var(--gap-section) 0;\n  display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start;\n}\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end-ttl { display: block; font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.3; color: var(--inverse-text); margin: 0; }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end-ttl .rich-ico { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: -0.2em; margin-right: 8px; color: var(--accent-hot); width: 22px; height: 22px; }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end-sub { font-size: 16px; color: var(--inverse-text-secondary); margin: 0; max-width: 34em; }\n.bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn {\n  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;\n  background: var(--accent-hot); color: var(--btn-ink);\n  font-family: \"Roboto\", sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px;\n  text-decoration: none; padding: 10px 20px; border-radius: 6px;\n}\n\n\/* ---- sanctioned motion ---- *\/\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {\n  @supports (animation-timeline: view()) {\n    .bd-post .bd-reveal { animation: bd-fade-in linear both; animation-timeline: view(); animation-range: entry 0% entry 35%; }\n    @keyframes bd-fade-in { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } }\n  }\n  .bd-post h2 { transition: color .2s ease-out, transform .2s ease-out; }\n  .bd-post h2:hover { color: var(--accent-text); transform: scale(1.01); }\n  .bd-post .bd-post-article a { transition: color .2s ease-out; }\n  .bd-post p a:hover, .bd-post li a:hover, .bd-post blockquote a:hover, .bd-post td a:hover { color: var(--heading-ink); }\n  .bd-post .rich-card, .bd-post .rich-callout, .bd-post .bp-3-pn, .bd-post .bp-2-fault { transition: transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n  .bd-post .rich-card:hover, .bd-post .rich-callout:hover, .bd-post .bp-3-pn:hover, .bd-post .bp-2-fault:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); }\n  .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn { transition: background .2s ease-out, color .2s ease-out, transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n  .bd-post .bp-cta-mid-btn:hover { background: var(--accent-text); color: var(--btn-white); transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.18); }\n  .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn { transition: background .2s ease-out, color .2s ease-out, transform .2s ease-out, box-shadow .2s ease-out; }\n  .bd-post .bp-cta-end-btn:hover { background: var(--btn-white); color: var(--btn-ink); transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.25); }\n}\n\n\/* ---- mobile ---- *\/\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n  .bd-post { padding: 16px; }\n  .bd-post h1 { font-size: 22px; }\n  .bd-post h2 { font-size: 26px; margin-top: 32px; }\n  .bd-post h3 { font-size: 20px; margin-top: 24px; }\n  .bd-post .bp-1-title { font-size: 20px; }\n  .bd-post .bp-3-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n  .bd-post .bp-3-cell + .bp-3-cell { border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--divider); padding-left: 0; padding-top: 14px; }\n  .bd-post .bp-2-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\n  .bd-post .bp-2-cell + .bp-2-cell { border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--divider); padding-left: 0; padding-top: 14px; }\n}\n\n\/* ---- References (canonical .bd-refs) ---- *\/\n.bd-post .bd-refs { margin: 0 0 1em; padding-left: 1.6em; }\n.bd-post .bd-refs li { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--text-secondary, #6E6E6E); margin-bottom: 10px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }\n.bd-post .bd-refs li::marker { color: var(--accent-deep, #2A76B4); }\n.bd-post .bd-refs li a { color: var(--accent-deep, #2A76B4); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }\n.bd-post .bd-refs li a:hover { color: var(--heading-ink, #000000); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"bd-post-article\">\n\n<p>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0643. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u2014 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627: <em>NPN \u0623\u0645 PNP\u061f<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. <strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0643\u060c, <strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0648 <strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong> \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a NPN \u0648 PNP\u061f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631. \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0640 <strong>\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/strong>. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 NPN\/PNP \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: <em>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u061f<\/em><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>A <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/strong>: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 <em>\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c<\/em> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646 <strong>NPN<\/strong> \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u06480 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 <em>\u0625\u0644\u0649<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 (\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f) \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 PNP \u201c\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0631\u062c \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u201d \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 NPN \u201c\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0631\u062c \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u201d: \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647.<\/p>\n\n<!-- BP-1 -->\n<div class=\"bp-1-hook bd-reveal\">\n  <div class=\"bp-1-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    <svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"15\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><rect width=\"20\" height=\"14\" x=\"2\" y=\"5\" rx=\"7\"\/><\/svg>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"bp-1-body\">\n    <p class=\"bp-1-title\">\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0640 NPN\/PNP<\/p>\n    <p class=\"bp-1-lines\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 PNP \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a = +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 = 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f = \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/strong>. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 NPN\/PNP \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629) \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f NPN\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<!-- Video: PNP vs. NPN fundamentals -->\n<div style=\"margin:32px 0; padding:20px; background:#EAF3FB; border:1px solid #D3D3D3; border-radius:12px;\">\n  <p style=\"margin:0 0 12px; font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35; color:#0D3972;\">\n    \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a PNP \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 NPN\n  <\/p>\n\n  <div style=\"position:relative; width:100%; aspect-ratio:16 \/ 9; overflow:hidden; border-radius:8px; background:#000;\">\n    <iframe\n      src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/uTC_ZsZu84k?rel=0\"\n      title=\"PNP \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 NPN: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u061f\"\n      loading=\"lazy\"\n      style=\"position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; border:0;\"\n      allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\"\n      referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"\n      allowfullscreen>\n    <\/iframe>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <p style=\"margin:12px 0 0; font-size:14px; line-height:1.5; color:#6E6E6E;\">\n    \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u00bb (PNP) \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u00bb (NPN).\n  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629: PNP\u060c NPN\u060c Push-Pull\u060c \u06484-Wire<\/h2>\n\n<p>NPN \u0648 PNP \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639\u0628:<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"rich-table-wrap bd-reveal\">\n  <p class=\"rich-table-title\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n  <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n    <table class=\"rich-table\">\n      <thead>\n        <tr><th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/th><th>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f<\/th><th>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639<\/th><th>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a<\/th><\/tr>\n      <\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td>PNP (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a)<\/td><td>\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0637\u0633 (\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)<\/td><td>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>NPN (\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u063a\u0627\u0637\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a)<\/td><td>\u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)<\/td><td>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628<\/td><td>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06480 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>4 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c<\/td><td>\u0633\u0644\u0643 PNP \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0643 NPN \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635) \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0646 <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 PNP (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629) \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642<\/strong> \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644: \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631) \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 PNP\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a PNP\u201d \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0628\u0648\u0634-\u0628\u0648\u0644\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u00bb \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0628\u0648\u0634-\u0628\u0648\u0644\u00bb \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u00bb \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a: <strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u0623\u0645 PNP<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0643. \u0628\u0644 <em>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632<\/em>. \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627: <em>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0640 +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645 \u0628\u0640 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u061f<\/em><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0640 <strong>0 V<\/strong> \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629<\/strong> \u2192 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 (\u064a\u064f\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0621).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0640 <strong>+24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/strong> \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a <strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u2192 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f <strong>NPN<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 (\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC). \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u201cCOM\u201d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631: \u0641\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633: \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a) \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"rich-card bd-reveal\">\n  <p class=\"rich-card-title\"><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M9 19h8.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 0 0-7h-11a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7H15\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"rich-steps\">\n    <li><span class=\"chip\">1<\/span><span>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a).<\/span><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"chip\">2<\/span><span>\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u2248 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 23\u201324 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 PNP.<\/span><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"chip\">3<\/span><span>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0640 +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a (\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u0648 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN.<\/span><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"chip\">4<\/span><span>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u062f\u0641\u0639-\u0633\u062d\u0628\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span><\/li>\n  <\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 NPN \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u201c5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u201d (\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633)<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 NPN\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: <strong>\u0644\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647: 3.3 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"rich-callout bd-reveal\">\n  <p class=\"rich-callout-title\"><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m21.73 18-8-14a2 2 0 0 0-3.48 0l-8 14A2 2 0 0 0 4 21h16a2 2 0 0 0 1.73-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 9v4\"\/><path d=\"M12 17h.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 NPN \u0639\u0637\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n  <p>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062c NPN \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644: \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 NPN \u0647\u0648 +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a: \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a NPN <em>\u0636\u062f +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/em>: \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u061b \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a PNP \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u061f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n<h2>NPN \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 PNP: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u201d \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/strong> \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0637\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a) \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 PNP\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a) \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.se.com\/us\/en\/faqs\/FA142566\/\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a PNP\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a NPN. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>PNP \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0637\u0633\u0629<\/strong> \u0643\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 (\u201c\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a = \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u201d)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u064a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<!-- BP-mid (CTA) -->\n<div class=\"bp-cta-mid bd-reveal\">\n  <p class=\"bp-cta-mid-ttl\"><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect width=\"16\" height=\"16\" x=\"4\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\"\/><rect width=\"6\" height=\"6\" x=\"9\" y=\"9\" rx=\"1\"\/><path d=\"M15 2v2\"\/><path d=\"M15 20v2\"\/><path d=\"M2 15h2\"\/><path d=\"M2 9h2\"\/><path d=\"M20 15h2\"\/><path d=\"M20 9h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 2v2\"\/><path d=\"M9 20v2\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u061f<\/p>\n  <p class=\"bp-cta-mid-copy\">\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n  <a class=\"bp-cta-mid-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u064a<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627: <strong>\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c NPN \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a NPN\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a PLC \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 NPN \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 PNP \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"rich-callout bd-reveal\">\n  <p class=\"rich-callout-title\"><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m21.73 18-8-14a2 2 0 0 0-3.48 0l-8 14A2 2 0 0 0 4 21h16a2 2 0 0 0 1.73-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 9v4\"\/><path d=\"M12 17h.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u201c\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u201d\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 PNP\u00bb \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n  <p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0643. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a NPN. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u201c\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0632\u201d\u061f \u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u0643. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PNP \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NPN \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 (\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u201cNPN \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 PNP\u201d \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 NPN \u0648 PNP \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0627 <strong>\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong>. \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 (\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u201c-N\u201d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u201c-P\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a). \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u201c\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"rich-card bd-reveal\">\n  <p class=\"rich-card-title\"><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m3 17 2 2 4-4\"\/><path d=\"m3 7 2 2 4-4\"\/><path d=\"M13 6h8\"\/><path d=\"M13 12h8\"\/><path d=\"M13 18h8\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n  <ul class=\"rich-list\">\n    <li><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><path d=\"m9 11 3 3L22 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span>\u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 (NPN \u0623\u0648 PNP). \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><path d=\"m9 11 3 3L22 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0631 NO\/NC \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647: \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646).<\/span><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><path d=\"m9 11 3 3L22 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><path d=\"m9 11 3 3L22 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 6 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 NPN\/PNP \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<!-- BP-3 -->\n<div class=\"bp-3-pn bd-reveal\">\n  <p class=\"bp-3-title\"><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12.586 2.586A2 2 0 0 0 11.172 2H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v7.172a2 2 0 0 0 .586 1.414l8.704 8.704a2.426 2.426 0 0 0 3.42 0l6.58-6.58a2.426 2.426 0 0 0 0-3.42z\"\/><circle cx=\"7.5\" cy=\"7.5\" r=\".5\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n  <div class=\"bp-3-grid\">\n    <div class=\"bp-3-cell\">\n      <span class=\"bp-3-chip\">-N<\/span>\n      <span class=\"bp-3-cellcopy\"><span class=\"bp-3-celllabel\">\u062e\u0631\u062c NPN<\/span><span class=\"bp-3-cellsub\">\u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"bp-3-cell\">\n      <span class=\"bp-3-chip\">-P<\/span>\n      <span class=\"bp-3-cellcopy\"><span class=\"bp-3-celllabel\">\u062e\u0631\u062c PNP<\/span><span class=\"bp-3-cellsub\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <p class=\"bp-3-foot\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c NO\/NC\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 NPN\u2194PNP<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 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\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0647\u0648 <strong>\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 NPN. \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0623 <strong>\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628 ON<\/strong>, \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636: \u0641\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n<!-- BP-2 -->\n<div class=\"bp-2-fault bd-reveal\">\n  <p class=\"bp-2-title\"><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polygon points=\"13 2 3 14 12 14 11 22 21 10 12 10 13 2\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n  <div class=\"bp-2-grid\">\n    <div class=\"bp-2-cell\">\n      <p class=\"bp-2-celllabel\"><span class=\"cell-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m2 2 20 20\"\/><path d=\"M5 5a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v7c0 5 3.5 7.5 7.67 8.94a1 1 0 0 0 .67.01c2.35-.82 4.48-1.97 5.9-3.71\"\/><path d=\"M9.309 3.652A12.252 12.252 0 0 0 11.24 2.28a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v7a9.784 9.784 0 0 1-.08 1.264\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u062c PNP \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/p>\n      <p class=\"bp-2-cellline\">\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"bp-2-cell\">\n      <p class=\"bp-2-celllabel\"><span class=\"cell-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M7 16.3c2.2 0 4-1.83 4-4.05 0-1.16-.57-2.26-1.71-3.19S7.29 6.75 7 5.3c-.29 1.45-1.14 2.84-2.29 3.76S3 11.1 3 12.25c0 2.22 1.8 4.05 4 4.05z\"\/><path d=\"M12.56 6.6A10.97 10.97 0 0 0 14 3.02c.5 2.5 2 4.9 4 6.5s3 3.5 3 5.5a6.98 6.98 0 0 1-11.91 4.97\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c NPN \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/p>\n      <p class=\"bp-2-cellline\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u061b \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u201cPNP \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627\u201d. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 PNP \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0646 NPN \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0647\u0648: <em>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 NPN \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/em> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PNP \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u00abNO\/NC\u00bb \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b\u00bb \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u00abNPN\u00bb \u0648\u00abPNP\u00bb. \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"rich-table-wrap bd-reveal\">\n  <p class=\"rich-table-title\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f NPN\/PNP \u0648 NO\/NC \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n  <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n    <table class=\"rich-table\">\n      <thead>\n        <tr><th><\/th><th>NPN (\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a)<\/th><th>PNP (\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a)<\/th><\/tr>\n      <\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td>NO (\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b)<\/td><td>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u2192 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>NC (\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b)<\/td><td>\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641<\/td><td>\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0621\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0621<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 PNP\/NPN: \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u201c\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b\u201d. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f NO\/NC \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644 (\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d = \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 = \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629). \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f NPN\/PNP \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"rich-table-wrap bd-reveal\">\n  <p class=\"rich-table-title\">\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 NPN \u0648 PNP \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n  <div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n    <table class=\"rich-table\">\n      <thead>\n        <tr><th>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/th><th>\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/th><th>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/th><\/tr>\n      <\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062d\u0645\u0644)<\/td><td>\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/td><td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u061b \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0631<\/td><td>\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u061b \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5\u201312 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631)\u061b \u062e\u0637\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644<\/td><td>\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/td><td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645: \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623\u061b \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0631<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0646 NPN \u0625\u0644\u0649 PNP<\/td><td>\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f\u061b \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u061b \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/td><td>\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641<\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646<\/td><td>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0641: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645<\/strong>. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 PNP. \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a DigiKey \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u201c\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u201d. 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stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><path d=\"m9 11 3 3L22 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644: +24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645 0 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u061f (\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLC) \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d.)<\/span><\/li>\n    <li><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><path d=\"m9 11 3 3L22 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u061f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NPN\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 PNP.)<\/span><\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0639 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\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u201cPNP \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u201d. \u0641\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 NPN \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a PNP \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p><em>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 NPN \u0623\u0645 PNP\u061f OMCH\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/product-selection\/\">\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0643. \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0643.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<!-- BP-end (CTA) -->\n<div class=\"bp-cta-end bd-reveal\">\n  <p class=\"bp-cta-end-ttl\"><span class=\"rich-ico\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"ico\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14.536 21.686a.5.5 0 0 0 .937-.024l6.5-19a.496.496 0 0 0-.635-.635l-19 6.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.024.937l7.93 3.18a2 2 0 0 1 1.112 1.11z\"\/><path d=\"m21.854 2.147-10.94 10.939\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 NPN \u0623\u0645 PNP \u2014 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/p>\n  <p class=\"bp-cta-end-sub\">\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n  <a class=\"bp-cta-end-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"bd-refs\">\n  <li>\n    DigiKey. \u201c\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u2014 NPN \u0623\u0645 PNP\u061f\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649.\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/forum.digikey.com\/t\/which-do-you-love-more-npn-or-pnp\/51317\"\n       target=\"_blank\"\n       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n      https:\/\/forum.digikey.com\/t\/which-do-you-love-more-npn-or-pnp\/51317\n    <\/a>\n  <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \u2191\u2191\u2191 Fragment ends here. \u2191\u2191\u2191 -->\n<\/body>\n<\/html>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a NPN \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 PNP: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645: NPN \u0623\u0645 PNP\u061f \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12184,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"NPN vs. PNP Sensors: Key Differences & Wiring","_seopress_titles_desc":"Compare NPN and PNP sensor outputs, wiring and PLC compatibility. Learn how sourcing and sinking signals work and choose the right sensor.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mmlblog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12178"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12544,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12178\/revisions\/12544"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12184"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omch.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12178"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}